;-)()(; SCANDIXAVIAN FISHES. 



THE JOHN DORY (sw. .sjohanen" or .sanktepeksfisken''). 

 ZEUS FABER. 



Plate IX, fig. 2. 



No plates (il(ii/</ the Itasc of tlie .yiii/diis-rfn/cd /xnf of the dorsal or the anal fa, the ra//s of tliese fins, on tJie 

 other hand, heim/ armed a-ith a po'inted spine, jiroJectii></ oata-ards, on each side of the base. From '/''' to 10 spi- 

 nous plates of fairly uniform size alonfj each side of the posterior part of the base of the dorsal fin, and from 7 

 to 9 along the corresponding/ part of the hase of the amd fin. Both in front of and behind the jugular central 

 tins is a rou' of plates on each side of the ventral edge and partly at its middle. Tlie frontal spines, which project 

 backwards on the occijiut, as well as the supraclavicular and clavicular spines, simple and small, measuring less 

 tiian half the longitudinal diameter of the eye and. in old specimens, more or less reduced, a rule n-hieh also applies 

 to the si/mpJiysial, angular and art/iiilar spines of the lon-er Jan-. I'reopercHluin, in adult specimens, without spines. 

 Scales small and scattered, not ind/ricate, thin and smooth at the miuf/in. lint during youth spinous on tlie surface, 

 the spines being most persistent on the scales belonging to the upper and loirer parts of the sides, beloir the base of 

 the soft-rayed dorsal and above that of the anal fin. Head scaly only on the cheeks. Coloration grayish violet, with a 

 silvery lustre, marked irith longitudinal yellow stripes on the sides of the body and with a round, blue-black spot, en- 

 circled by a narrow, yellow ring, about haJf-way up the sides and below the middle of the spinous-rayed dorsal fin. 



R. br. 7; />. 10123 1. 24; A. 4|22 1. 23; P. 13—15; V. '/,; j GiGi,., Espos. Int. Pesc. Berl. 1880, Sez. Ital., Cat., p. 86; 



Mob., Hist. Nat. Poiss. Fr., toni. II, p. 467; Day, Fisli. Gt. 

 Brit., Ird., vol. I, p. 138, tab. XLVIII; Olsen, Piscatoi: 

 Atl., tab. 34; Lillj., .SV., yor<j. Fi.<k., vol. I, p. 285; Coll., 

 N. Mag. Naturv., Christ., Bd. 29 (1884), p. 59. 



Zeus austrab's, Richards., ZooI. Ereb.. Terr., II, 2, Fisb., pp. 

 36 et 138, tab. XXV, fig. 1 (vide Gtuk); Tenn.-Woods, 

 Fish.. Fischer, N. >S. Wales, p. 61, tab. XXI. 



? Zens jnpoiiicns, Schleg., Fii. .Japon., p. 123. 



The deep'', coinpressed " body, with its spines at the 

 margins' ;ind the formidable weapons it also possesses 

 in the first dorsal" and the anal tin.<'', render the Dorv 



a. 2 + 11 + 2 1. 1 + 13 + 1; Vert. 31—34. 



Sijn. Zeus, idem faher appellatiis, Plinius, lib. IX, cap. 18. 



Zeus spinosus, Lin., i\fus. .iil. Frid., I, p. 67, tab. XXXI, lig. 2. 

 Zens faber, LiN., Syst. Nat., ed. X, loin. I, p. 267; Cuv., Val., 

 Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. X, p. 6; Yakr., Brit. Fish., ed. 2, 

 vol. I, p. 183; Gthr, Cat. Brit. Mus., Fish., vol. II, p. 393; 

 Couch, Fisli. Brit. IsL, vol. II, p. 118, tab. LXXIX; Steind., 

 Stzber. Akad. Wiss. Wieii, Matli. Natiirw. CL, LVII, i (1868), 

 p. 364; Coll., Forli. Vid. Solsk. Cbrist. 1874, Tilbogsh., p. 44; 

 Malm, Ghi/s, Boh. Fit., p. 650; Ltkn, Vid. Selsk. Skr. 

 Kbhvn, ser. 5, Naturv. Math. Afd.. vol. XII. No. 6, p. 553; 

 " LiNNiBUS, Mus. Ad. Frid. 



Malm, Gbgs, Boh. Fii. 

 ■^ Sometimes 6, according to LOtken. 



•^ In the 5 specimens which we have been enabled to examine, the length of the body (from the anterior margin of the upper jaw- 

 lione, at the articnlation, to the middle of the liind margin of the caudal fin) varies between 143 and 417 mm. In these specimens the 

 greatest depth of the body varies between 44 and 48 % (44'5 — 47"7) of the length thereof. The least deptlj of tlie sliallow peduncle of the 

 tail (in front of the caudal fin) varies between 6 and 7 'i (6-4 — 7-1) of the length of the body. 



' In the specimens mentioned above the greatest thickness (breadth) of tlie body, which occurs across the preoperculnm, varies between 

 7 and 10 % (7 '6 — 9'8) of the length of the body. The proportion generally increases with age. The least breadth of the interorbital space 

 is always less than the least depth of the tail, varying in different individuals between about 5 and 5' ., % (5'2 — 5'7) of the lengtli of the 

 body, or 60 and 68 % of the longitudinal diameter of tlic eye. 



■' The plates at the base of the soft-rayed dorsal and the anal tins are eacli furnislied with two spines, the inner spine (along the dorsal 

 fin the lower and along the anal tin the upper) being directed straight out from the body, and the outer spine, which is the larger, pointing 

 backwards. The first anal plate, in the second and third specimens in point of ago, is situated beside the fourth spinous ray, which in these 

 cases is without a special basal spine; while in the younger specimens, as well as in the oldest of all, this plate is situated beside the first 

 soft ray, and the fourth spinous ray is furnished witli the usual, simple basal spine on eacli side. The plates at the side of the ventral mar- 

 gin in front of the base of the anal fin vary in number between 7 and 10 (anteriorly single, posteriorly paired), in front of the ventral fins, 

 and between 7 and 9, behind the latter. In all these plates the short, but sharp spine is directed backwards. Just in front of the ventral 

 fins and, in one specimen, in front of the vent a simple row of spines is inserted at the middle of the ventral margin. In the smallest spe- 

 cimen the head is furnished with two blunt spines, one above and one below, in the anterior orbital margin and a third at the upper pos- 

 terior corner of the orbit; bul in older specimens tliese spines become indistinct. According to Knkr (1. c), the prcopercuhim in young 

 specimens (55 mm. long) is furnished with a marginal spine. This spine does not occur, however, in any of our s|)ecinieiis. 



■' The third spinous ray is the longest — though in the least but one of our specimens it is scarcely any longer than tlie second — 

 being a\)Oiit cipial in length to the lower jaw, i. c about lialf tlic greatest depth of the liody. In the oldest specimen, however, this ray 

 is broken off short, but its relative length has evidently been considerably less than in the younger specimens, for the free dermal flap be- 

 hind it is preserved, bul is only equal in length to the lower jaw. 



'' In tlie aiinl fin Ihi' lirst spinous ray is sometimes the longest, and sometimes the second, but the length in proportion to that of 

 the body decreases with increasing age, in the j'ounger s])eciniens lieiiig about ' ^ of the length of tlie body, measured as aliovr, in the older 

 specimens '7, '/^ and finally ','10 thereof. 



