^S()LI•:. 



.^7o 



i)f tlic Iciiii'lli of the lic'id. 'I'lic I'm hcjriiis in tVoiit nl' 



tllC U]l|irr C'3'C', illlllOSf III the tip nf llic Slioill, ■■lllll ox- 



Iciids to the hasc oF tlir (•••luil.il liii. Ii iisiuilly cuiitiiins 

 trdtn 72 to SI rsixs, nil liriiiiclic(| .-hhI rcciirvcil, with 

 the lips lyinu' within n\- nt\\\ just niitsidc the liii-inciii- 

 hrjiuc ;in(l ciirNcd towards the liiiiid side 'I'hc ;iii;d tin 

 is (il the siinic shripc ;is the d(irs;d, licuins hclnw ;iud 

 sonu'wh.'it in fi'unt t>[ the inscrtidii nl the pi'i'torMl lins, 

 cuds l)ch)w the trrmin.'ilinu i>l' the (hn'sal lin, ;ind usu- 

 ally cuiitaiiis iVoiu (iO to (17 fay.s, whifh roseinblc those 

 of tlic dorsal tin. The pectoral lins arc o\al, narrow 

 and small, the Icniith of the i)ase being about ' \, — '3 

 of tiiut of the fin. Thcv contain from 7 to 9 rav.s, the 

 uppermost v.w bciiii;' simple, the others branihc(l. The 

 ventral lins are still smaller, and usually contain 5 rays, 

 all of whicii ai'e itrauched, the first and last very in- 

 <listiucll\', and close to each other at the base. The 

 rouiuleil caudal lin, the lenath of which measures about 

 ' ,0 — '9 '•* f''"f "' f'"' IkkIv, is made up of 14 branched 

 ra^■s atid two or three .sim])le, sup])ortina; rays on 

 each side. 



The coloui' of the eve side is brown, mari)led with 

 dark grayish brown. The tins are somewhat lighter, 

 but the outer half of the pectoral tin on this side is 

 dark, almost black. The scales are black at the margin, 

 apparently dividing the Ixxh' into s(|uares. The l)lind 

 side is white, seldom spotted with brown, but almost 

 always with a large brown spot near the caudal tin. 

 The white colour reddens, however, after the death of 

 the Hsh. Iris dark, bra.ssy yellow. Pupil green, but 

 tinged with blue after death. On the strength of in- 

 formation gi\cn him b\- the fishermen of Uoluislan, HoLL- 

 iu;i!(; distinguished l)etween two eoloui'-varieties, the 

 brown Ifock Sole (hergtungan) and the greenish Sand 

 Sole {smulii(iigun): but 1-JvSTRom i)ointed out" that the 



generation, and |)artly to make room foi- the intestine and 

 the ki<lncvs. In two females we iind the posterioi- ends 

 of the ovaries situated at about the begiiuiing of the last 

 thii'd of the length of the b(jdy. The testes of the males 

 examined at the same time of year, in Jaruiary, occupy 

 ihe antfM'ior parr of the seeondaix abdominal cavities, 

 ami ha\e the iippe;ii-ance of I'ound, llattened glands, of a 

 longitudinal diameter about e<pial to the length of the 

 ventral lins. The liver occupies the entii-e left .side of the 

 abdominal cavity proper, and at the top surrounds the 

 oe.sophagus and its immediate continuation, the stomach, 

 even on the rigiit side. The ])ylorus, which is without 

 appendages, lies to the right of the Inumal spines of the 

 l,st, 2nd and 3rd caudal vertebra', about half-way up the 

 abdominal cavity. From this point the intestine forms 

 an alirupt bend forwards and downwar<is to the left side 

 of the rectum, just above the vent, and then turns sharply 

 to the right, upwards and backwards, in a coil that 

 passes into the .secondary abdominal cavity on the right 

 side and there extends back for a distance which \n&\ 

 sometimes be no more than ' ^ of the total length of tiie 

 body, but occasionalh' as much as ' ., thereof. There- 

 turning part of this coil, in a forward direction, runs 

 along the lower margin of the secondary al)doniiiial ca- 

 vity, almost to the beginning of the anal fin. At this 

 point the intestine again bends sharply upwards and 

 backwards to form a coil lying on the inner side and to 

 the right of the former coil, and returning by means of 

 its upper ])art in a forward direction to the rectum, 

 which turns down to the \ ent. The gall-bladder, which 

 is fairly large, lies at the top of the abdominal cavity 

 proper, on the right side; and just behind and below this 

 bladder lies the spleen, wliich is of about the same size, 

 between the liver and the coils of the intestine. The 

 kidneys lie at the top of the anterior part of the .sccoiid- 

 ilifterence in colour proljably arises from the nature of ary abdominal cavity on the lilind side, and present the 



the sea-bottom. Reversed Soles, with the eves on the 

 left side, are of frequent occurrence on the English coast 

 according to V.vifUEi.i. and Day; and the latter writer 

 makes the .sanie statement with regard to iloiihle Soles, 

 which are coloured on both sides of the bodw 



The abdominal cavity projjcr is extremely short in 

 the Sole, its length being about '/s tl'at of the head or 

 about '.) "0 of that of the body. On each .side of the 

 luumal and iutorhaMnal spines of the anal lin, however, 

 the abdominal cavity is .secondarily elongated, partly, as 

 in most of the Flatfishes, to receive tiie long organs of 



« Gbgs Vet., Vitt. Hondl., Ny Tidsfoljd, Haftcl I, p. 24. 



appearance of a large, thick and oblong, dark-coloured, 

 glandular body. The peritoneum is black on the eye side. 

 This is also the case with the whole of the inner side of 

 the wall of the gill cavity, with the exception of the hind 

 margin, which is white, at least on the blind side. The 

 cavity of the mouth and the blind side of the perito- 

 neum arc white. 



The Sole (Sw. tuiiga = tongue) is generally known 

 in Bohushin as siila (.««/«), a name which in sound and 

 meaning represents the Latin si>lea. It is fairly common 

 in the Skager Rack along the coast of Bohusliin, and even 



