466 



SCANDINAVIAN FISHES. 



hind extremity of either maxillary 

 hone — more than S4 % of the 

 length of the lower jaw): 

 a: Length of the snout more than 



8 % of the length of the body 



or than 7') '„ of the postorbital 



leno-th of tlie head Gadn.'i meihiiinns. 



b: Length of the snout less than 



S K of the length of the body 



or than 70 "i of the postorbital 



length of the head: 



a: Least depth of the tail more 

 than 40 "o of the length of 

 the third dorsal fin GaJnn ln.<:ciis. 



li: Least depth of the tail less 

 than '.i'A % of the lengtli of 



the third dorsal fin. Gcdiix initiutux. 



B: Tip of the lower jaw projecting 

 in front of the tip of the snout 

 (length of the snout and upper 

 jaw-bone less than H2 % of that of 

 the lower jaw): 

 a: Least depth of the tail more 



than half the distance between 



the tip of the snout and the 



hind extremity of the maxillary 



bones or than '/j of the length 



of the third dorsal fin : 



((: Length of the lower jaw less 



than \?} °„ of that of the body; 



length of the base of the first 



dorsal fin more than 75{Sb?)% 



of the length of the lower jaw Gadus virens. 



fi: Length of the lower jaw more 



than 13 (14?) % of that of the 



body; length of the base of 



the first dorsal fin less than 



73(70?) % of the length of 



the lower jaw... Gadux pollarhiuK. 



h: Least depth of the tail less than 

 half (43 %?) of the distance be- 

 tween the tip of the snout and 

 the hind extremity of the maxil- 

 lary bones or than '/* of the 

 length of the third dorsal fin.. Gadus Enmarkii. 

 Length of the base of the first dorsal 

 fin less than •/4 of that of the base of 

 the first anal fin, and the length of 

 the base of the second dorsal fin less 

 than '/3 of the latter Gadus poutassou. 



THE HADDOCK (sw. koljan). 

 GADUS ^GLBFLXUS. 



Plate XXII, tig. 1 and Plate XXIII, fig. 2. 



/j-iifjfh of flip hase of the frst oi/aJ fin less than half the (lisffnice hetirecn tJi'ts fin aixJ the tip of the snout. Upper 



Jaw most promhieiif. Ln/f/fh of the 1oin-r Jan- 35 — 40 % of tliat of the head. Least depth of the tail 50 — (>0 % 



of the lenfjth of the Jon-er Ja>r". One, short tmrliel ander the chin. One, targe, lilaekish spot on each side of 



tlie forepart of the hodi/, Jasf Jieloir tlie lateral line, which is dark or even, black. 



R. hr. 7; D. 14 — 17,20 — 24 10— 22''; A. 21— 25'-|20- 

 P. 19-21; V. 6; C. .f + 20— 24 -f .p; Vert. 53—54. 



24''; 



»S'^;(. Aiijrefin 1. Aiglefiu, Bei.ox., Xat., Divcrii. Poiss., p. 118; Gadus, 

 No. 7, Art., Syn., p. .SO; Anon, Duham., Tr. Pecltes, part. 

 II, sect. 1, p. 13.3, tab. XXIII, fig. 1; Isa, Olaksen, Reiie 

 Isl., I, p. 357, tab. XXVI. 

 Gadus Aeglefinus, Lin., 6';jst. Nat., ed. X, torn. I, p. 251; 

 MonR, Jsl. Natiivh., p. 64; Cuv. (subg. Les Morues), Regn. 

 Aniiu., ed. 1, tnin. II, p. 212; Flmng (Morrliiia), Brit. Anvn., 

 p. 191; NiLSS. (snbg. Jlerlangiis), Prodr. Ichth. 6'cand., p. 42; 

 Fii., Ekstr., v. VVninnT (Gadus), Shrind. Fisk., ed. I, p. 8C, 

 tab. 19; Stohf.r (Morrhua), Post. .Jourii. Nat. Hist., vol. II 

 (1839), p. 454; Kr. (Gadus), Damn. Fiske, vol. 2, p. 42; 

 NiLSs., iSkand. Fn., Fisk., p. 550; Gill (Melanogrammus), 

 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philiul. 1802, p. 280 et 1863, p. 237; 

 Gthr (Gadus), Cat. Bnt. Afiis., Fisti.. vol. IV, p. 332; 



Morn, Ofvers. Vet.-Akad. Forli. 1864, p. 529; Coll., Vid. 

 Selsk. Forb. Christ. 1874, Tilbi-gsb., p. 108; ibid., 1879, No. 

 1, p. 66; WiNTH., Naturb. Tidskr. Kbhvn, ser. 3, vol. XII 

 (1879), p. 28; MoR., Hist. Nat. Poiss. Fr., torn. HI, p. 

 237; D.\Y, Fish. Gt. Brit., Ivel, vol. I, p. 283; JoRn., Gilb., 

 Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 16, p. 803; MOb., Hcke, Fiscli. 

 Osts., p. 75; LiLL.1., Sv., Aorg. Fisk.. vol. II, p. 54; Br. 

 GooDE (Melanograimnns), Fislier., Fislier.-Industr. U. *S'., 

 Sect. I, p. 223, pi. 59, A; Hansen (Gadus), Zool. Dan., 

 Fiske, p. 67, tab. IX, fig. 4. 

 Aeglefinus Liiinei, Malm, Gbgs, Boh. Fn., p. 481. 



Olis. Owing to its short lower jaw the Haddock, as we bave 

 mentioned above, ranks as a type quite distinct from tbe rest of the 

 Scandinavian Codfishes, but in this respect perhaps coincides with tbe 

 American Tomcod in the west of the Atlantic. In Ibis case the latter 

 species, with its wiilely separated dorsal .and anal fins, bears tlie same 



" In Haddock fry from Spitzbergen, taken in Ice Fjord in September, 1861, 35 mm. long, I fiml the lengtli nf the lower jaw to mea- 

 sure 45 °o of that of the head, and tbe least depth of the tail 46'/., K of the former. The latter percentage might indeed, to the best of 

 our knowledge, be of some use as a specific character; but the corresponding percentage in old specimens of Gadus navaga comes too near 

 it. Thus the above given character based on these two points must be used with precaution. 



* Sometimes 23, according to Kroyer. 

 26, „ „ „ 



d i) r 



