HADDOCK. 



4G7 



systematic relation to tlie former as tlie I'i'Iar ('o<l aud Gadus nuvaga 

 to the Common Cod. Gill gave the Hachlock the generic name of 

 Melanograminus, with reference to the black, lateral spot — cf. above, 

 p. 308, on the Dory. But the division represented by tlie Haddock has 

 no more right to a special generic name than any of the other groups 

 of the genus Gadus, as it was denned by FuiKS (1. c). The elonga- 

 tion of the snout and the reduction of the lower jaw ar<' results of 



changes of development common to tlie Haddock and the other species 

 of the genus; but the Haddock has advanced furthest in this course 

 of development; and we, therefore, place it first in the scries. How 

 the changes of growth in this respect express a common direction of 

 development, appears from the following table, in which we have 

 summarized the results of our measurements of specimens belonging 

 to the Roval Jluseuin : 



Haddock Group . 



Cod Group, 



Whiting Group.. 



Coalfish Group . 



Gadus ogttc 



Gadus cailarlas" 



Gadus gracilis.,. 

 Gadus navaga 



I Gadus saida. 



Gadus merlaugus . 



Gadus pyoximus^- 



Gadus lusctis 



'.Gadus winutus^ 



Gadus I'irens 



Gadus poliachius . 



Gadus Esmai-kii .. 



Poutassou Group . 



Gadus poutassou . 



{avera 

 in 1 



erage in i5 specimens.. 



specimen 



in 1 specimen 



,. 1 



„ 1 



average in 4 specimens. 



average in 3 specimens . 



..4 

 averaec in '^ specimens. 



I :: :: : :: ; 



fin 1 speoii 

 (average in 



men 



specimens. 



(in 1 specimen... 



[average in 2 specimens. 



{average in 2 specimens. 



average in -' specimens. 

 \ ,. „ 3 ., . 



I average in 3 specimens. 

 I .. ^ .. 3 ,. . 



average in 'i specimens. 

 .. .1 3 „ 



in 1 specimen 



,. 1 



.. 1 



, ., J. LcnKlIi of the, 

 Length ot . ■ .. 



,, r 1 ■ snout in ^ 



the body in ^^ ,^^j ^^ ,^^l 



millimetres. , ,^^^^.^ .^„. ^ 



414 

 7-' 

 490 

 388 

 294 



•2m 



17G 

 34(3 

 19-.' 

 •210 

 130 

 409 

 32G 

 139 

 178 

 104 

 319 

 298 

 189 

 143 

 ■298 

 10.-) 

 3G2 

 204 

 180 

 127 

 395 

 3.'i9 

 115 



1U3.8 

 77.5 



73.7 

 GS.4 

 G7..T 



73.5 

 64.9 



ti.'j 

 76. s 



00. 1 



54.0 



73.fi 



58.8 

 5G.2 



51.2 



It is evident from this table, first that in the same species the 

 percentage is generally lower in young specimens than in older ones, 

 and second, that in the species that occupy the lowest rank in each 

 <'f the above groups of the genus, the percentage is also lower than 

 in the others. The former species are also distinguished by their 

 smaller size. However, the intermediate forms between the groups are 

 so numerous, especially in the character given here, that even though 

 we are able to distinguish between different series of development, 

 these series are still best included in the same genus, especially as 



the most important specific characters lose a great portion of their 

 validity when young specimens are in question. 



The Mvei-age length attained liy tlie Haddock in 

 Scandinavia is lietween 80 and 50 cm. The largest 

 specimen from Bohusliin that came under Malm'.s ob- 

 servation, was 79 cm. long. Fries was informed, how- 



" In auother specimen, 730 mm. long, we find a reversion to the juvenile characters, this percentage being 68"8, while in another, 

 abnormal (macrocephalic) specimen, 212 mm. long, it is STl. 



* A Pacific species (with range extending from California to .Alaska) wliicli combines the characters of G. luscns with those of G. 

 minuttis — distinguished from both by the base of the second dorsal fin measuring less than half the distance between the tip of the snout 

 and the first anal tin — but more nearly related than either to G. merlaugus. 



' In anotlicr specimen, 210 mm. long, we find a reversion to the juvenile characters, the percentage in question being 53-0. 



