IIADIXHK. 



4(J1 



it were. Tlic \ciit is situiitcd soiiifwlint in tVont of the 

 inidfllc til' till' li(i(i\', licluw ilic liciiimiinu <il thr sccoihI 

 dors.'il liii, tlic dist.-nicc liclwccii it ;iii(l tlir tip of the 

 snout lii'iiiu' ;d)(iut .')S — 41 % 111' till' Icnutli of the liodw 

 The |i('ctoi';d tins roiilnin 2 siniplc iind 17 — 19 

 hr.-inclicd r;iys. Tlic Itli iind .")tli r;i\s ;ii-c t Ik- longest, 

 the following ones gnidu.ilh deci'easing in Icngtli, ;ind 

 the last fays \('it small and diHicult to distinguish. 

 The length of the tins is sihotit HI '—17' .."-v of that of 

 the bod\, and tlieii- tips extend to a Xww witli the vent. 

 The ventral tins are |)oint('<I, and in old specimens co- 

 ver slightly more than hall' the distance between their 

 bases and the licginning of the tii'st anal fin. In young 

 speeiini'ns the\- are coinparaliNclv larger, their length 



beinjl sonictinies as much as SI 



if this distance. 



They are made up of li ra\s, the lii'sT two simple, with 

 long, free tips, and tiu> second the longest. 



The first dorsal tin begins above the base of the 

 pectoral lins, at a distance from the tip of the snout 

 equal to 28 — 30 % of the length of the body; and its 

 base measures aliout 1.'! % of tiie length of the body. 

 It is triangular in shape, with a fairlv acute angle, and 

 is higlier than eitiier of the other two dorsal tins. It 

 contains from 14 to 17 rays, the first two simple, the 

 second the longest, measuring between about 15'/.j and 

 ISV'o % of the length of the body, and the remaining 

 ones decreasing rapidly in length. The anterior margin 

 of the second dorsal tin, which has the longest base — 

 measuring about 21 — 22' \, % of the length of the body, 

 leans backwards, forming a somewhat obtuse angle with 

 the straight, sloping, superior margin. This tin is made 

 up of from l'O to 24 ravs, the tifth and sixth being 

 the longest and comparatively longer in young speci- 

 mens than in old, and of a length varying between 14 

 and alM)Ut \^ "o of that of the body, or about equal 

 to that of the ventral tins. Tiie third dorsal fin is of 

 almost the same shape as the second, but shorter, its 

 length being about 14' \, — I.")" ._, % of that of the body, 



d<irsal fin, is as |0 to '.)"S or \y'.\\ and the anterior 

 corm 1- is nnich more i-oiindcd. It <'ontains fnjm 21 to 

 2") ia\s, ilic first fi\c or six simple at the lip, and the 

 third gcneralh' the longest. The i-e>cnililance is still 

 greater between the second anal fin and the third dorsal. 

 The fornici- consists of tietween 20 and 24 rays, the 

 first two sin)|ili', and the third the longest. 



The caudal fin is normal in form, somewhat in- 

 cised at tlu^ tip, but not far from truncate when ex- 

 panded. The length of its middle rays diminishes 

 during growth from about S' ., to ti'', % of that of 

 the l)ody. 



The difl'erencc! in colour between a live (I'late 

 XXII, tig. 1) and a d.'ad lladdo.-k (Plate XXIII, hg. 2) 

 is considerable. The latter is of a plain, dii'ty gray 

 aljove and white l)elo\\', with black lateral tine. In the 

 living fish, <in the other hand, the upper part of the 

 head and the back are of a dark grav, \iolet colour, 

 which as it passes into the lighter, silver-gray colour 

 of the sides assumes a handsome, light, coppery lustre 

 of marked brilliancy. The bellv, the lower ]jortion of 

 the head, and the tail are milk-white. The sides are 

 silver-gray, shading into vellow at the to[i and below 

 thickly strewn with tine, blackish ilots. The lateral line 

 is yellowish black, hut darker at one moment and 

 lighter at another. The iris is blackish grav, with a 

 dark shading of yellowish tinge ab(n-e and below the 

 pupil. A marking especially characteristic of the Had- 

 dock is the large, blackish spot that lies just below the 

 lateral line in the neighbourhood of the lirst dorsal tin. 

 It is constantly present, in all sjiecimens of all ages, 

 but may lie more or less distinctly prominent. The 

 shape of this spot is vcrv irregular and variable. The 

 superior fins, as well as the jiectoral tins and the caudal 

 fin, are of the general colour of the back, with lighter, 

 yellowish bases. The anal tins are silver-gray, with 

 milk-white base, strewn with numbers of black ilots, 

 and lighter margin. The ventral tins are milk-white, 



and somewhat more pointed at the anterior corner. It the membrane between the branched rays punctated 



consists of from 19 to 22 rays, the fourth or tifth ; with black. 



being the longest, and measuring about 10 — 8 % of The structure of the internal organs is essentially 



length of the body. the same as in most of the Codfishes: and as it is our 



The first anal fin differs but slightly from the se- intention to give a more miiuite descrii)tion of these 



eond dorsal. It begins sotnewhat further back, the \ organs in the Whiting, we need oidy point out for the 



distance between it and the tip of the snout, compared present that the abdominal cavity extends back to about 



with the corresponding distance in the case of the second the middle of the bod\-. or to a distance beyond the 



" Sometimes 13, according to Kroyer. 



