47l> 



NCAXDIX AVIAN KI8HES. 



fathoms of wnter. Ixtweeii 10 ■•uid 15 kilometres from 

 shore, and the liooks are l)aited with small Herrings 

 or Sprats, which the Haddock likes best of all, until 

 FebruarA-, when a bait of shellfish is again adopted. 

 When the weather permits, the lines are taken up as 

 soon as thev are set, but thev often lie longer if the 

 risherman is driven by storm or hard Aveather suddenl}' 

 to make for land. This always lessens the catch. The 

 Myxine {Myxkic f/li(t/)i(>sa) no-w seizes its opportunity, 

 creeps into the hocjked Haddock eitlier through the 

 mouth or the vent, and devours the flesh down to the 

 hones without touching or damaging the skin. 



The Haddock is also taken on hand-lines (dorj) 

 all the year round, in the same way and at the same 

 time as Whiting, if one only chooses the deep channels. 

 The best bait is invariably the flesh of the mussel, 

 but it sometimes happens that the Haddock bites, though 



I'ar from readih", at a piece of \Miiting. The bait should 

 1 lie on the bottom, while for Cod and Whiting the line 

 should be held so as to keej) the bait a little way from 

 i the bottom. More experience is re(juired, however, in 

 fishing for Haddocks with a hand-line, for this fish 

 makes sudden and ^•iolent struggles to free itself from 

 the hook, and its mouth is looser and more easily torn 

 than th;it of the Whiting. In this way the fisherman 

 loses a great part of his fish -while drawing them up. 

 Most of the Haddocks caught in the North Sea are 

 taken in the trawl; but the flesh of the Haddock is 

 soft enough before, and after it has been tossed about 

 in the trawl among other fish and stones, it can 

 never lie so good as that of the Haddocks taken on 

 the hook. 



(Fkies, S.mitt.) 



THE COMMON COD (sw. toiisken). 



GADUS CALLARIAS. 



Plate XXII, figs. 2 and H ; Plate XXIII, iig. I. 



Lenflth of flic hasc of the first aiial fin less than half flic distance lietireen this fin and the tip of the snout. 

 Upper Jair most prominent. Leui/fh of the Joirer Jair at least alioat 4(> % of that of the head. Least depth of 

 the tad at most alioat 4:^ % of the lenfjlh of the loirer jair, hat at Irast about SO % of the length of the pectoral 



f the interorhital space 

 truncate. Coloration 

 ^}Qt on the sides. 



the tad at most ahout 4:^ % of the leiifith of the loirer j'air, hat at least about SO % of the I 



fins. Lem/th of the head at least about 2'> % of that of the bodi/, and the least breadth of 



at most about ■^■j % of the lenc/th of the head. Lateral line irhifish and ciirred. Caudal fin 



c/raif, green or red. more or less spotted but without anii especiallif prominent, black Sjx 



R. bt: 7: /'. 12 — 15 16—20 10 — 20; .-1. 17— 20 IG— 19; 

 P. 18—21; V. ti; C. ,c + 2.3 — 27 +.r: Vert. 51 — 54". 



Sijn. Asellns major (p. IS) + Aselltis varius vel str/atiis (p. 10) + 

 Asellus nanus (p. 20): ScHONEV., Iclitliyol. 'Sle.w., Holsat. = 

 Asellus major vulgaris (p. 165) + Asellns varius vel striatus 

 SCHONFliLDII (|i. 172); ^VII.I,UGB., Hist. Fisc. ^ Gudiis, No. 

 4 et (), Ani'., .^'yn. Pise, p. .35 = Lix., Fn. Siiec, ed. I, 

 No. 293 et 295. 



Torsk, LiN., /(. OL, p. 87; Kiibhelja + Torsk, It. Westr., 

 p. 176 et 177; Tarslien, It. .Scan., p. 220. 



Gadits Callaria", Lin., Si/$t. Nat., ed. X, toiu. I, p. 252; 

 Eetz., Fi>. .Succ. Lin., p. 318; Cuv., R'egu. .{nnn., ed. 2, 

 torn. II, p. 332; Pall., Zoogr. Ross. Asiat., toiu. Ill, p. 182; 

 NiLss.. Pi-otlr. Iclithyol. 6'cand., p. 40; Ek!<ti;., Vet.-Akad. 

 Handl. 1834, p. 38; Schagerstr., Physiogr. SJillsU. Tidskr., 

 p. 297; Ekstr. et v. ^yRlGHT, .Sk-and. Fi\4:, ed. I, p. 101, 



tab. 47; Sundev., Stockb. L. Hiisli. SiiUsk. Hand!., II. l! (1855) 

 jip. 82, 04, 166; Nilss., SIcand. Fn., FisI,:, p. 537; Jord., 

 GiLB., Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 16, p. 804; Lillj., Sc, 

 Kori/. Fisk:., vol. 2, p. 31; Hansen, Zool. Dan., Fiskr, 

 p. 67, tab. IX, fig. 1. 

 Gadns Aforhua, Lin., Sijst. Xat., 1. c.; Petz. {G. morrliaa), 

 1. c; Cuv., 1. c., p. 331; Pai.l., 1. c., p. 181; Nu.ss., Prodr., 

 p. 39; Fr., Skatid. Fisk., ed. I, p. 78; Kr., (G. Morliua) 

 Danm. Fiske, vol. 2, p. 1: Nu.ss. (G. Morrhiia) Fn., I. e.; 

 Gthr, Cat. Brit, Mus., Fisli., vol. IV, p. 328; Morn, F,nl. 

 Fisk. (disp. Helsiiigf.) p. 27: Ofvers. Vet.-Akad. Forli. 1864, 

 p. 528; LiNDSTR., Gotl. L. Hush. Sallsk. Arsbcr. 1866, p. 21 

 (sep.); Coll., Forh. Vid. Selsk. Christ. 1874. Tilla?gsh.. p. 103; 

 ibid. 1879, No. 1, p. 65; N. M.ig. Naturv., Bd. 29 (1884), 

 p. 81 ; Malm, Gbffs, Boh. Fn., p. 480; Winth., Naturh. Tidskr. 

 Kbhvii, ser. 3, vol. XII (1879), p. ^7; Bncke, Fisctt., Fischer., 

 Fisch:. 0.. ir. Pretiss., p. 87; Mon., Hist. Xat. Poiss. Fr.. 



" The latter imiubc-r according to Mai.m. 



