504 



SCANDINAVIAN FISHES. 



rhe tail tliat only one or t\vo vertebi'i\3 of the spine 

 ;ire left, at the base of the caudal tin, where the skin 

 keeps the two halves together. It is tlien hung up on 

 poles, and left there till perfectly dry, when the stock- 

 tisli is ready. 



To the Norwegian fisherman the Coalfish is of no 

 small importance. According to Collett 2 or 3 mil- 



lion kgm. of dried Coalfish are annually exported from 

 Norway, chiefly to Sweden and Finland; and in Fin- 

 mark .30 or 40 thousand barrels (100 or 140 thousand 

 bushels) of fresh Coalfish are bought up for the Rus- 

 sian market. 



(Ekstkom, Smitt.) 



THE POLLACK (sw. lyrtorsken). 

 GADUS POLLACHIUS. 



Plate XXIV, fig. 3. 



Lenfitli of the base of the first anal fin more than half the distance betireeu this fin a)id the tip of the snout. 

 Lotrer Jan' most prominent, its length heinc] at least about 55 % of that of the head and, as a ride, more than 

 14 % of that of the body. Distance between the tip of the snout and the hind extremity of the maxillary bones 

 at most ((bout 70 % of the length of the loicer jaw, but f/re(der than the lenytJi of the rentrcd fins, which, is at 

 most "/j (f the least depth of the tail or even less than it. Least depth of the tail more than 86 % of the length 

 of the lower jaiv, than 40 % of the base of the third dorsal fin or of the length of the pectorcd fins, or than 85 % 

 of the least breadth of the interorbital space. Distance between the first dorsal fin and the tip of the snout at 

 lc((st about SO % of the length of tJie body. Length of the snout less thcin (12 % of tlwd of tJie loirer jaw, but 

 at least about 70 %" of the postorbitcd length of the head. Length of the middle rays of the caudal fin more 

 than 6'V2 % of that of the body. Lateral line arcuate in front and of a dark colour. 



R. br. 7; D. 11 — IS'll?"^— '21|16'' — 20; .4. 27*— ;-5l|l8/— 20; 

 P. 17!'— 10; V. 6; V. ,!• + 25— 29 + .r; Vert. 53 1. 54. 



^yi- Aselltts jiacescens, Schonev., Ichth. Slesv. Hols., p. 20, No. 9, 

 .^sellus Hiiitiiigo Pollachius, Wjllughby, Hist. Pise, p. 167; 

 Gadus No. 3, Art. Ichth., Gen. p. 20; Syn., p. 35; Lyr- 

 bleck, Lin., It. Westrog, p. 177; Lyr, Strum, iSdndm. Beskr., 

 part. I, p. 294; Lieu, Duh., Tr. Peek., part. II, sect. I, 

 p. 121, tab. XX. 

 Gadus Pollachius, Lin., Syst. Nat., ed. X, torn. I, p. 254; 

 Fii. Suec, ed. II, p. 112, OsB. (Lerhleking), Vet.-Akad. 

 Handl. 1707; p. 245, tab. VII: Retz., Fii. Suec. Lin., 

 p. 321; NiLSS., Pi'odr. Ichthyol. Scand., p. 43; Fb. et v. Wr., 

 Skand. Fi.ik., ed. I, p. 89, tab. 20; Kii. {Merlancjus), 

 Danm. Fiskc, vol. II, p. 123; NiLss. (Gadus), Skand. Fn., 

 Fisk. p. 662; Thomps., Nat. Hist. Irel., vol. IV, p. 183; 

 Gthr, Cat. Brit. Mus. Fish., vol. IV, p. 338; Steixd., 

 Stzber. Akad. Wiss. Wieu, Math. Naturw. CL, Bd. LVII, i 

 (1868), p. 706; Coll. Forh. Vid. Selsk. Christ., 1874, Til- 

 lii'gsh., p. Ill; N. Mag. Naturv. Christ., Bd. 29 (1884) 

 p. 82; WiNTH., Naturh. Tidskr. Kbhvn, ser. Ill, vol. XII, 

 1>. 30; MoR. (Merlangus), Hist. Nat, Poiss. Fr.. torn. Ill, 

 p. 241; Day, (Gadus), Fish. Gt. Brit., Irel., vol. I, p. 296, 



tab. LXXXIII, fig. 2; MoB., Hcke, Fisch. Osts., p. 80; Stoem, 



Nor.sk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. (Trondhj.) 1883, p. 34; Lillj., .Su., 



Norg. Fn., Fisk., vol. 11, p. 92. 

 Gadus lycostomus, Faeer, Tidskr. Naturv. Kbhvn, vol. 5 (1828), 



pp. 215 et 251 (vide Kroyer, 1. c). 

 Pollachius Linnei, Malm, Gbgs, Boh. Fn., p. 487. 



The Pollack, according to Moreau, sometimes 

 attains a length of as much as 13 dm.; but it is ge- 

 nerally smaller than the preceding species, and the 

 largest Pollacks taken in Scandinavian Avaiers are sel- 

 dom more than between 45 and 60 cm. long. The 

 bod}', which is deepest at the vent, tapers from this 

 point both forward and backward. The back is mo- 

 derately convex, and is furnished in old Pollacks with 

 a small longitudinal depression or groove just in front 

 of the first dorsal fin. The bell}' is rounded in front 

 of the vent, but somewhat carinated behind it. The 

 sides are moderately convex, the greatest breadth (thick- 



" Usually 72—78 %. 



* Sometimes 14, according to Kroyer. 



II 15, ,, ,, ,, 



'' „ 15, „ ,, Day. 



23. 

 ■' 16 



'J „ 16, ,, ,, Kroyer. 



