532 



SCANDINAVIAN FISHES. 



THE BURBOT (sw. laken). 



LOTTA LOTA. 



Plate XXVI, fig. 1. 



Body someu-hat like that of SihirKs; head compressed in front, anterior' part of the Jjodij terete^ kind part com- 

 pressed. Distance hettreeii the tip of the snout and the herjinning of the frst dorsal fiv more than 31 % of the 

 length of the body, length of the head less than 68 % of this distance. Breadth of the inferorhital space more 

 than 21 % of the total leugtli of the head or than 40 % of the postorhital length thereof. Greatest breadth (thick- 

 ness) of the body more than 48 % of the length of the head or than 22 % of the distance betireen the anal fin 

 and tl/e tip of the snout. Coloration made up of black spots or mottled uifJi black {dark broivn) and in most 



cases confluent sjwts, on a yellon-ish green ground. 



E. br. 7; D. 13"— 16(16) 74''— 79(85); A. 65' — 75(78); 

 P. 18 — 21''; V. 6 — 8; V. .r + 20— 39 +.r; Vert. 58—62. 



/l.-foriii.a vulgaris, pinnis pectoralibus lineaiii verticaleni ex initio 



pinna' dorsalis prima? attingentibus vel transientibus, longitudine 



" 100 loiigitudinis corporis totius superantibus. 



Syii. Gadus dorso dipterygio, ore cirrato, inaxilli.s a^qnalibns, Art., 



Gen. Pise, p. 22; Sijn. Pise, p. 38; Sihiriis, Id., Spec, 



p. 107; Lin., Fii. Siiec, ed. I, p. 109. 



Gadus Lota, Lin.. Syst. Nat., ed. X, toni. I, p. 255; Retz., 

 Fn. iStiec. Lin., p. 322; Pali,., Zoo/jr. R. Asiat., torn. Ill, 

 p. 201; Cuv., Begne Anim., ed. 2, torn. 11, p. 333; Nilss., 

 Prodr. Ichth. Scand., p. 47 ; Bdt, Rzbg, Medic. Zool., Bd. 

 2, p. 52, tab. VII, fig. 2, tab. VIII, fig. 3; Ekstr., Vet.- 

 Akad. Handl. 1834, p. 43; Reuter, Sundman (Lota), Finl. 

 Fisk., fig. X. 



Lota vulgaris, Jen., Man. Brit. Vert. Anim., p. 448; Norpm., 

 Voy. Eziss. Me'r. (Demiuoff), p. 630; Kr., Damn. Fiske, 

 vol. 2, p. 169; SuNDEV., Wrigh'I', Skand. Fisk., ed. I, p. 

 170 (1846), tab. 41 (1842); Nilss., Skand. Fn., Fisk., p. 

 580; HcKL., Kn., Siisswasserf. Ostreicli. Mon., p. 313; Gthr, 

 Cat. Brit. Mus., Fish., vol. IV, p. 359; Sieb., Siisswasserf. 

 Mitteleiir., p. 73; Lindstr., Gotl. Fisk., Gotl. L. Hush. 

 Sallsk. Arsber. 1866, p, 21 (sep.); Moen, Finl. Fiskar (disp. 

 Heisingt'or.s), p. 31; BlaNchard, Poi.$s. d. eau.v douces Fr., 

 p. 272; Coll., Forli. Vid. Selsk. Cbrist. 1874, Tillajgsb., 

 p. 115; ibid. 1879, No. 1, p. 67; Gigl., Espos. Intern. 

 Pesca, Berlino 1880, Sez. Ital., Cat., p. 97; Bncke, Fisch., 

 Fischer., Fischz. 0., W. Preuss., p. 89; Mor., Hist. Nat. 

 Poiss. Fr., toni. HI, p. 256; Day, Fish. Gt. Brit., L'el., 

 vol. I, p. 308, tab. LXXXVII; Grimm, Fish., Hunt, on 

 Russian Waters, Intern. Fish. Exhib. London 1883, p. 11; 

 NohdAck, Handl. Fiskevard, Fiskafvel, p. 369, bild 109; 

 LiLLJ., Sv., Norg. Fisk., vol. II, p. 147. 



Lota communis, Rapp, Fisch. Bodeus., p. 36. 



Lota Linne'i, Malm, GOgs, Boh. Fn., p. 491. 



Lota macidosa, Mela, Vert. Fenn., p. 301, tab. IX. 

 B: forma maculosa, americana, pinn. pect. lin. vertical, ex init. p. 

 dors. l:ma; baud attingentibus, longit. "/,,|„ longitudinis totius 

 corporis baud superantibus. 



Gadus Lota, Penn., Litrod. Arct. Zool., ed. II, vol. I, p 



CCXCVII. 

 Gadus viaculosus, Lesueur, Journ. Acad. Nat. So., vol. I, p 



83; Id. (Jfolva), Mem. Mus., vol. V, p. 159, tab. 16; Rich. 



Fn. Bor. Amer., Fish., p. 248; Bean (Lola), Fisher., Fish 



Lulustr. U. S. (Br. Goude), sect. I, p. 235, tab. 61. 

 Gadus compressus, Lesueur, ibid., p. 84; Storer (Loia), Mem 



Amer. Acad. Arts., So., n. ser., vol. VI, p. 360, tab. XXVIII 



fig. 4. 

 Gadus lacustris, Mitch., Amer. Monthl. Magaz., vol. 2, p. 244 



Ltkn (Lota), Vid. Meddel. Naturh. For. Kbhvn, 1881, p. 256 

 Molva huntia, Lesueur, Mem. Mus., vol. V, p. 161. 

 Lota inornata, De Kay, N. York Fn., Fish., p. 283, tab 



XLV, fig. 145. 

 Lota brosmiana. Stoker, Journ. Soc. Nat. Hist. Boston, vol 



IV, p. 58, tab. V, fig. 1. 



Obs. The numerous specific names which the Burbot has borne 

 in the system, are an expression of its variableness. In recent times, 

 however, even the American writers have not only united all the as- 

 sumed American species into one, but also adopted Gunther's opinion 

 and united tliis species to the European and Asiatic form. LOtken 

 proposed, however, to restore the distinction between the two forms, 

 on the grounds that in a specimen of the American Burbot examined 

 by him the tips of the pectoral fins did not extend to a line with 

 the beginning of the first dorsal fin, a character which also appears 

 in the best figure of this form, Todd's figure in Bean and Brown- 

 Goode (1. c). Whether this character is constant in the American 

 Burbot, can hardly be decided from so few observations; but it may 

 also occur in the Burbot of the Old World, as shown by a specimen 

 9 dm. long, which was taken in the River Yenisei by NordenskiOld's 

 expedition on the 16tli of September, 1875. In this specimen the 

 tips of the pectoral fins fall far short of the perpendicular from the 

 beginning of the first dorsal fin, this being due to the fact that the 

 latter fin is situated extraordinarily far back, at a distance from the 

 tip of the snout equal to 37 Vo % of the length of the body and more 

 than 5 times the length of the base of this fin. This specimen dif- 

 fers, however, both from the drawing mentioned above and from the 

 measurements of the ."Vnierican Burbot given by Richardson (1. c), 

 in the fact that the pectoral fins are of the average lengtli normal in 



" Sometimes 10 — 12, according to Kroyer and Gi'nther. 



' V 07-69, 



*■ ,, 60, ,, „ Moreau. 



'' „ 17 or 22, ,, ,, Keoyek and Sundevall. 



