21 8 CORALS AND CORAL LS LANDS. 



being determined, as has been shown, by wave action (page 

 197). They resemble, in fact, other saxicavous mollusks, 

 several species of which are found in the same seas, some 

 buried in the solid masses of dead coral lying on the reef 

 The bed they excavate for themselves is usually so complete 

 that only an inch or two in breadth of their ponderous shells 

 are exposed to view. Without some means like this of secur- 

 ing their habitations these mollusks would be destroyed by 

 the waves ; a tuft of byssus, however strong, which answers 

 for some small bivalves, would be an imperfect security against 

 the force of the sea for shells weighing one to five hundred 

 pounds. 



IV. ORIGIN OF THE BARRIER CONDITION OF REEFS, 

 AND OF THE ATOLL FORMS OF CORAL ISLANDS. 



I. OLD VIEWS. 



In the review of causes modifying the forms of reefs, no 

 reason is assigned for the most peculiar, we may say the most 

 surprising, of all their features — that they so frequently take 

 a belt-like form, and inclose a wide lagoon ; or, in other cases, 

 range along at a distance of some miles, it may be, from 

 the land they protect, with a deep sea separating them from 

 the shores. 



This peculiar character of the coral island was naturally 

 the wonder of early voyagers, and the source of many specu- 

 lations. The instinct of the polyp was made by some the sub- 

 ject of special admiration ; for the " helpless animalcules " 

 were supposed to have selected the very form best calculated 

 to withstand the violence of the waves, and apparently with 

 direct reference to the mighty forces which were to attack the 

 rising battlements. They had thrown up a breastwork as a 

 shelter to an extensive working ground under its lea, " where," 

 as Flinders observes, " their infant colonies might be safely 

 sent forth." 



