82 THE BUTTERFLIES OF THE WEST COAST 



Genus PAPILIO. 



Papilios — the "swallow-tailed butterflies" — cover the world. 

 In the tropics they abound in countless millions, of large size and 

 in gorgeous colors ; in the Arctic they are also found, but of mod- 

 est size and subdued colors ; and in the temperate regions they are 

 everywhere abundant, but never so brilliantly colored as in the 

 tropics. In the United States there are no species that are 

 notable for beauty. 



The West Coast Papilios are especially modest in their size and 

 colorings; none are notable for beauty — yellow and black, black 

 and yellow, with a touch of blue or of red, that is all. 



All Papilios are six-footed. 



The caterpillars of Papilio have sixteen legs ; some of them 

 have soft, retractile, orange-colored scent-organs, which when at 

 rest are hidden in the first segment behind the head. The larval 

 life is about thirty days, the caterpillar frequently remaining hid- 

 den in a rolled-up leaf a good part of the time : in chrysalis it 

 remains from ten to fifteen days, or perhaps hibernates in that 

 state, to emerge early in the next spring. 



Sex-marks : The males are smaller, brighter, and lighter col- 

 ored than the females, and have a pair of claspers at the tip of the 

 body, which somewhat resemble a pair of clam-shells ; while the 

 female is larger, stouter of body, and the tip of the body lacks the 

 claspers, and tapers to a blunt point. 



i6. Papilio Daunus. 



Plate III ; Figure i6. Male, Santa Rita Mountains, South- 

 ern Arizona, June, 1887 ; Author. 

 Daunus is the largest and finest Papilio that flies west of the 

 Rocky Mountains. Its most peculiar feature is the three tails that 

 adorn each hind wing. Daunus is not after all a full-fledged West 

 Coast butterfly, as it does not come into the coast regions proper 

 west of the Sierra Nevada and Coast ranges of mountains, evi- 

 dently not much liking the cooler and damper sea air of the more 

 immediate coast, but keeps to the eastward of these ranges, pre- 

 ferring the warmer and dryer air of the interior, semi-desert 

 country. It inhabits the vast regions of the Great Basin, from 

 the Rocky Mountains on the east to the Nevadas on the west, and 

 from Canada on the north to far into IMexico on the south. 



