GEXL'S PAPILIO 87 



Desert, whicli is its home. This specimen was taken by me in June, 

 1883, over a quarter of a century ago, since which time it has 

 stood in my cabinet, awaiting this opportunity to be seen by the 

 pubHc. 



Coloro apparently bears the same relation to Zolicaon as Am- 

 nioni to Rutulus, as previously related. As indicated by these two 

 cases of Ammoni and Coloro. the desert environment causes a 

 deepening of the ground color ; though in ornithology and in 

 mammalogy the accepted belief is that a desert habitat causes a 

 paling of the color of its inhabitants. But such a discussion is not 

 in place in this book. Here I will figure things as I find them, 

 and others may discuss things, if they wish to do so. 



26. Papilio Oregonia. 



Plate III ; P'igure 26. Female ; sent me by W. H. Edwards, 

 in 1886; specimen taken in Eastern Washington. 



As you see by the plate, this is similar to Zolicaon, but is larger 

 in size and lighter in color ; the tails are twice as broad, and the 

 ocelli are different in construction, and there are other differences, 

 as you see by the plate, which is a direct photograph from the 

 insects themselves. To understand this matter well the student 

 should have a series of these different forms, to place them along- 

 side each other, for there are some little variations that cannot be 

 averaged unless you have a series of them. 



To those who. like the author, have had some experience in 

 breeding butterflies, the fact that the insects under discussion do 

 or do not use the same larval food-plant, has great weight. Now 

 Zolicaon larvae feed on daucus, or plants of the carrot family, and 

 Oregonia larvae feed on artemisia ; each kind of larv?e refusing to 

 eat the other plants even though they starve to death. This fact 

 alone is sufficient to prove to the student that they are separate 

 species, for it is a matter of life or death to the butterflies. 



This specimen here figured was sent me by that valiant captain 

 in American butterflies, Mr. W. H. Edwards, as a typical example 

 of the species. 



27. Papilio Indra. 



Plate I\': Figures 2"/. b. 



Fig. 2j, Male, Tallac Peak, Cal., July 26, 1892; Author. 



b. Female underside, Tallac Peak, Cal., July 26, 1892; 

 Author. 



