GENUS PAPILIO 89 



never been accorded its proper place in the catalogues as a full 

 species. And it is time it should be recognized. 



Besides these two examples here figured, I have taken two 

 others, one of them at as late a date as 1902, and the four speci- 

 mens are alike in all their features. Pergamus is jet black, while 

 Indra is brown-black. Indra does not fly so far south as the San 

 Bernardino mountains by about 500 miles. 



Pergamus flies in the lower mountains of Southern California, 

 at an elevation of from 2,000 to 3,000 feet, and frequents steep 

 side-hills and brushy places, seeming to know where they are safe ; 

 and at any rate they are very rare, as these four specimens men- 

 tioned are all that I have taken in twenty-five years' collecting, 

 although the locality is near by, and is a favorite hunting ground 

 for butterflies. 



Eggs, larva, and chrysalis, as well as food-plant, are unknown. 



29. Papilio Asterias. 



Pl.ate IV ; Figures 29, b. 



Fig. 29, Male, received from Herman Strecker, October, 

 1882. 

 b. Female underside, received from Herman Strecker, 

 October, 1882. 

 Asterias is well-nigh a national butterfly. It inhabits the At- 

 lantic States and the Middle West States in great abundance, and 

 is common as far west as the Rocky Mountains. West of the 

 continental divide, however, it is much scarcer, and on the imme- 

 diate West Coast is quite unknown. So far as my experience goes, 

 west of the continental divide Asterias is largely replaced by 

 Asteroides ; this latter species being also absent on the immediate 

 coast, and, in fact, I have never seen either of them west of the 

 Sierra Nevadas. 



In Arizona, near Tucson, I have taken Asterias of very small 

 size, so small in fact that it might almost be taken for another 

 species. 



The egg, larva, and chrysalis are well known. 



The food-plant is Daucus, various species of the carrot family. 



30. Papilio Asteroides. Not figured elsewhere in accessible 



form. 

 Plate IV ; Figures 30, b. 



