PARNASSIUS I. 



of Clarius. But the protest of JMr. Behrens, who had seen a proof of the jilate, 

 and the result of a re-examiuation by Mr. Henry Edwards, to whom I had refer- 

 red the question, have made me think it probable that there are two species, and 

 that figs. 5 and (5 re2)resent the true Clodius of Menctries. His description juir- 

 ports to have been talien from a single male " brought from California by AVos- 

 nesensky" without further notice of its habitat. Menetries states that it is dis- 

 tinguished from Clarius, Eversmann, by its great size and dead white color, and 

 he describes in nearly all resjiects an individual closely resembling the one fig- 

 ured on our plate. 



Boisduval, in his paper of 1852, gives a description of Clarius which seems 

 to have been drawn from individuals of that species, and he states tliat it is 

 found in the mountains of California. 



But in his Lepidoptera of California, 1869, he states that he was in error 

 in considering the species he had before described to be the Clarius of Evers- 

 mann and substitutes therefor Clodius jMenetries, omitting the former from his 

 list of sjjccics. 



Mr. Edwards, who has devoted many seasons to collecting the Califor- 

 uiau butterflies and who is largely acquainted with their habits and localities, 

 writes, " I am fully convinced from an examination of all the specimens with- 

 in my reach, in my collection and in tliose of Mr. Behrens and Dr. Behr, 

 that we have two sitecies of Parnassius nearly allied and that these have been 

 described by Eversmann and JMenetries. The great differences apjjear to me 

 to be that Clodius is larger tliau Clarius, of a clearer white, less transparent, 

 with the red ocelli of a brighter, clearer color, and always with red spots at 

 the base of secondaries beneath. The two black stripes on primaries are sharper, 

 wider, and of a more intense black. In a long series of these insects perhaps 

 other characters would jiresent themselves, but in what I have seen, the dis- 

 tinctions appear to be well preserved." 



I have tabulated the differences between the males of tlie two species, thus ; 



Clodius. 



Expanse 3.5 inches^ 



Color cieam-whitc. 



Dense black. 



Always black spot on inner margin. 



The two spots of equal size, rounded. 



Color bright-red. 



Usually a conspicuous, deep colored bar at anal 

 angle. 



Always a large red are at anal angle below. 

 Always red spots and usually conspicuous. 



Clakius. 



Expanse of wing 'lA inches. 



Color sordid-white. 



Discal bars pale. 



Sometimes black spot on inner margin. 



The two red spots, rather angular, of unequal 

 size, one often a mere point. 



Color of spots varjnng from pale yellow red to 

 bright red. 



Sometimes a narrow, pale bar at anal angle ; of- 

 cen wanting. 



Sometimes a pale red bar at anal angle below 



Usually no red spots at base of secondaries. 



