PARNASSIUS II-IV. 



do not emerge from the eggs till Sirring. (Dr. Hagen informs me that it was ob- 

 served by SchisfFer, as long ago as 1754, that the caterpillars of F. Apollo were 

 found in the mouths of March and April in Switzerland, after the snow had gone, 

 and of such size that they must have been just hatched, and have sj^ent the 

 winter in the egg.) 



My attention has been called by Mr. Bates and Dr. Hagen to some remarks 

 on the nature of the pouch of the female Parnassian by Von Siebold, and Dr. 

 Hagen has kindly jirejxired an abstract of what is to be found j^rinted on the sub- 

 ject. 



"A j)aper by Prof C. Von Siebold was published in the Zeitung fiir Wissen- 

 schaftliche Zoologie, 1850, III, pp. 54 — 01, and reprinted Eut. Zeit. Stettin, 1851, 

 XII, P23. 170 — 185. The first jiart is only historical to show that next to nothing was 

 previously known about the matter, and that Dr. Boisduval had separated JJorifis 

 ApoUmus generically because its female had no pouch. Siebold doubted that 

 this organ formed j^art of the body and he found he could easily sej^arate it in 

 Mnemosyne, and with more difficulty in Apollo, as in this species it is glued 

 more strongly by its broad base to the flat underside of the abdomen. Later, Sie- 

 bold observed in the collections females of Apollo without the jiouch, and con- 

 cluded that it was formed in coition by one of the sexes and would jirobably as- 

 sume the form externally of a cast of the male organs. Mr. Hc'iger, Berichte der 

 Schlesischen Tauschvereiner, 1844, No. V, p. 3, had before observed that females 

 of Apollo and Mnemoayne just emerging from the chrysalis had no pouch. The 

 chemical examination by Dr. Baumert showed that this ajij^endage is soluble in 

 caustic alkalic as it would not be if formed of chitine. When separated and boiled 

 in the alkali it easily dissolved and only some brownisli oily drops remained. 



Siebold quotes Schteifer, who gives a very good history of the transformation 

 of Apollo, "All specimens possessed this pouch which were raised by me. But in 

 those caught in the mountains the pouch was seldom unhurt; insjiecimens that had 

 long before emerged, as was evident from the bad condition of their wings, the 

 pouch was very much damaged, so that sometimes I was obliged to look sharply to 

 find the rudiments of it among the hairs of the abdomen." 



Siebold believed that Schseffer's first statement (the italicised words) was a 

 mistake. Mr. Reutti, of Freiburg, had made experiments for Siebold in 1850. He 

 took 50 caterpillars and from them raised 11 chrysalids only, because, as is stated 

 by Schaeffer, this species [Apollo] is difficult to raise. Between 15th and 20th 

 July, he had 4 c?, 4 ?. The latter did not possess the pouch on emerging from the 

 chrysalis. On the 17tli, at 1 P. M. onejjair united and so remained till late in the 

 niglit, and on the following morning the female had a well formed pouch on the 

 abdomen. The female died fourteen days later, without any use of the jiouch as 



