REPRODUCTION OF RHIZOPODA. 37 



also observable in Sponfjilla, in which Mr. Carter thinks that he has seen the incorporation of 

 one of the spermatozoids (?) with an ovule (?), in a manner that indicates the act to be one of 

 fecundation. He has been able to watch the ovules from their first appearance until they 

 acquire the aspect of simple Rhizopods with a power of putting forth pscudopodia ; and he 

 believes that when they have attained this condition they are set free by the death of the 

 parent, and, escaping from the cavity of its test, soon form new tests for themselves. By his 

 subsequent observations upon Am(eha verrucosa (xxiii, p. 37), Mr. Carter was led to believe 

 that each ovule in that species gives origin to a number of independent " polymorphic" cells, 

 resembling those which he had previously described as constituting the first product of the 

 ovum of Spont/illfi : and that these pass several months in their immature condition, before 

 taking-on the characteristic aspect of the parent. 



48. Of the special modes in which Reproduction is effected in Foraminifera, scarcely 

 anything is yet known. It was observed by Dujardin that the protoplasmic contents of the 

 chambers of Tnmratulina sometimes group themselves together as spherical masses ; and I 

 have met with tlie same kind of aggregation in the sarcode of the superficial chambers of 

 OrhHolites (Plate IV, fig. 1), the spherules averaging about l-3200thof an inch in diameter. 

 Lying in the midst of the sarcode of the same animal, 1 have occasionally found other bodies 

 (fig. 2, /< — (/), sometimes resembling simple cells, sometimes like cells undergoing binary sub- 

 division, having a firm envelope, and retaining the crimson hue of the animal substance even in 

 spirit-specimens ; their diameters varied between 1 -650th and l-300th of ai^ inch. These seem 

 analogous to the dark splierules observed by Scliultze (xcvii, p. 27) in certain Rotnlla, some- 

 times occupying all the chambers (fig. 3), in other instances confined to the last one or two; the 

 ordinary sarcode co-existing in the same shells, but not putting forth pseudopodia. These 

 spherules were composed of a collection of dark molecular matter, not enclosed in a distinct 

 membrane, but held together by some uniting medium ; and they were especially remarkable 

 for their resistance to reagents, not being acted on by sulphuric, nitric, or hydrochloric acids, or 

 by boiling alkalies. The Botalice containing these dark spherules were isolated by Schulze, and 

 kept for many weeks, but no change could be observed in them ; and it must at present be 

 regarded as quite uncertain whether the foregoing phenomena have any relation to the 

 reproductive process. 



49. More satisfactory information was subsequently obtained by the same excellent observer 

 (xcvni) in regard to the production of the young of j\fUUil(i. Having obtained some 

 large living specimens of the ii-UocuUni' form of Miliola, he kept them for some time under 

 inspection, and found that some of them, after remaining adherent to the sides of the glass 

 vessel during from eight to fourteen days, became invested with a brownish, slimy matter, 

 which more or less completely obscured the view of the external characters of their shells. 

 After the lapse of some days longer, minute, sharply-defined granules could be seen in this 

 substance with the aid of a lens (Plate IV, fig. 4, a), and these gradually loosened themselves 

 from the soft enveloping mass, and separated further and further from the shell wliicli it 

 surrounded. Microscopic examination of these corpuscles, of which as many as forty were 

 counted round a single progenitor, proved that they were young MUiolce. When viewed by 

 transmitted light, thev presented a pale, yellowish-brown, calcareous shell, consisting of the 



