29G GARVEIA NUTANS. 



annulation, and continued over the body of the hydranth in the form of a funnel- 

 shaped cup ; ultimate branchlets frequently bent abruptly to one side just below the 

 hydranth. Hydkanths with about ten tentacles. 



GONOSOME. — GoxopnoREs large, oval, borne on long peduncles, which rise out 

 of the summit of short, simple, funnel-shaped ramuli, which spring from the sides of 

 the hydrocaulus. 



Colour. — Hydrantlis and terminal portion of branchlets orange red ; main stems and 

 branchlets reddish-brown ; gouophores deep orange. 



Development of Gonosome. — May to July. 



Hahitat. — Attached to stones or growing on other hydroids or seaweeds, near the low-water 

 limit of spring tides. 



Bathytiietrical Didribiition . — Laminarian zone. 



Localities. — Pirth of Forth, Dr. Strethill Wright and G.J. A.; Morecambe Bay, Lanca- 

 shire, G. J. A. 



Garveia nutans, though a small hydroid, is eminently conspicuous among its more sombre 

 associates by the bright orange red of its hydranths and of the younger portions of the hydro- 

 caulus, and by its very large berry-like deep orange sporosacs ; while the way in which the 

 hydranth-bearing branchlets are frequently bent with an abrupt inflexion on themselves near their 

 termination serves further to impress upon it a peculiar and characteristic physiognomy. 



The tentacles of the hydranth are uniformly directed upwards, showing no tendency to the 

 alternately elevated and depressed attitude so common in other genera. 



The main stem is thickest near the root, and is here distinctly fascicled or composed of 

 aggregated tubes. It becomes gradually attenuated as it gives off its branches, and finally both 

 the main stem and the branches consist of a single tube. 



The funnel-shaped extension of the perisarc which is continued over the body of the 

 hydranth, nearly as far as the bases of the tentacles, reminds us of the hydrotheca in the 

 calyptoblastic hydroids. It is, however, of a different morphological significance, and not being 

 free like a true hydrotheca from the body of the hydranth, is incapable of receiving the tentacles 

 and hypostome in contraction. In extreme retraction the body of the hydranth just below the 

 base of the tentacles is forced over the edge of the funnel-shaped cup in the form of a projecting 

 ring. 



The gouophores are usually developed in great abundance, giving to the hydroid the appear- 

 ance of being covered with orange-coloured berries. The short ramuli from whose summits they 

 spring arise from the sides of the main stem and principal In-anches. From the edge of the 

 funnel-shaped cup in which these little ramuh terminate there usually hang the shreds of a 

 delicate chitinous membrane which had confined the gonophore in an early stage. Through this 

 membrane the gonophore subsecpiently burst its way, as it continued to be carried up out of the 

 cup on its elongating peduncle. 



The gonophore, though not passing beyond the condition of a sporosac, possesses 

 rudiraental radiating canals, and is thus of much interest in its bearing on the general 



