TUBULARIA INDIVISA. 401 



TuBiiLARiA INDIVISA, — Liimifitis, Sjst., 1758. Lamarck, An. saus Vert., 1816, vol. ii, p. 110. 



Lamonroux, Cor. flex, 230. Cuvier, Regn. Anira., iii, 299, 



Johnston, Brit. Zoopli., 1847, p. 48, pi. iii, figs. 1, 2. 



Dalyell, Rare and Remark. Anitn., vol. i, p. 2, pis. i — iv. 



Mummery, in Trans. Mic. Soc., 1853. Hincks, Brit. Hydr. 



Zooph., pi. 115, pi. XX. 

 TuBULARiA CALAMARis, — Palhis, Eleuclius, p. 81. Ehrenberr/, Corall. Roth. Mer. Abhandl. 

 Berl. Acad., 1832, p. 295. 



TROPHOSOME. — Hydrocaulus consisting of a cluster of simple tubes, destitute 

 of annulation, separate from one another above, but forming an entangled mass 

 below, where the tubes become smaller in diameter, and more or less twisted together 

 and adherent to one another ; they vary in height in different specimens from about 

 three to nine inches, and in the upper part of their course have a diameter of about 

 one tenth of an inch ; ccengsakc longitudinally striated, not forming a collar-like 

 expansion below the hydranth. Htdeoehiza consisting of branched, sinuous, inos- 

 culating tubes. Htdranths with twenty to thirty proximal tentacles in a single 

 verticil, and with about forty distal tentacles in two or three alternating verticils, 

 which are so closely approximated as to form a single circlet. 



GONOSOME. — GoNOPHOUES oviform in three or four pendulous racemes, which, 

 when mature, surpass the body of the hydranth in length, the racemes of the male 

 colony being somewhat longer than those of the female ; the gonophores are destitute 

 of tentaculiform tubercles, and have four radiating canals terminating in a circular 

 canal, which surrounds a perforation near the distal end of the gonophores. Actinula 

 with oral tentacles at the period of its liberation. 



Colour. — Body of hydranth varying from a pale pink to a bright crimson or scarlet ; hydro- 

 caulus brown below, becoming light red or orange red towards the summit ; spadix and peduncle 

 of gonophore scarlet. 



Development of Gonosome. — From April to October. 



Habitat. — Attached to rocks, stones, shells, &c., in the sea. 



Hathymetrical distribution. — Laminarian to deep-sea zone. 



Localities. — English, Scottish, and Irish coasts abundant ; Coast of Greenland, Morch ; 

 Coasts of Scandinavia as far as the North Cape, Sars ; and the coasts of Belgium and Northern 

 France. 



This magnificent hydroid — the type of the family of the TubularidcB — besides offering 

 features of great interest in the morphology and physiology of the Hydroida, has a special 

 historical value, for it was it which in the hands of Bernard de Jussieu afforded the first proof we 

 possess of the animality of the marine Hydroida. 



During the early part of the last century the Tabularia indivisa had already by its large size 

 and conspicuous hydranths forced itself on the attention of the marine naturalist. Its nature. 



