588 



SCANDINAVIAN FISHES. 



Coryphcena rupestris, Faisi!., Fh. Groenl., p. 154 (cxcl. syiion.); 



Bi.. (Macrouriis; p. p.), yaturff. Awl. Fisch., pt. II, p. 152, 



tab. CLXXVII; Bl., Schn. (Afacninis), Ichthjol, p. 103, tab. 



26; Kei.\h., D. Vid. Selsk. Naturv., Math. Afh., vol. V (1832), 

 .p. XVIII; ibid., v(.l. VII, ],. 129; S^iiL^i , Skand. Fn., Fisk., 



p. 604; Gthr, ('nt. JInt. .Vti.-:, Fish., vol. IV, p. 390; EsM., 



Forb. Naturf. M. Cbrist. 1868, p. 527; Ltkn, Vid. Meddel. 



Naturliist. For. Kbbvn 1872, p. 4; Br. Goode, Fisher., Fisher. 



Tndustr. U. S., Sect. I, p. 244, tab. 66. 

 Macrourus Fabricii, Sundev., Vet.-.\kad. Handl. 1840, p. G; 



MoBN, Ofvers. Vet. Akad. Forh. 1867, p. 263; Coll. Foih. 



Vid. Selsk. Christ. 1874, Tilliegsli., p. 128; GooDE, Bean, 



Bull. Essex Inst., vol. XI (1879), p. 7; JoRD., GiLB., Bidl. 



U. S. Nat. Mils., No. 16, p. 811; Coll., N. Mag. Natuiv., 



vol. 29 (1884), p. 95; Ln.LJ., Sv., Norg. Fisk., vol. 2, p. 



242; Gthr, Deep Sea Fish.. Chall. E.v/ied., p. 130. 



]\[<icnint.s Fahririi, wliich .-ittaitis ;i length of at 

 least nearly a metre (S'/s dm.), is only slightly less 

 typical of the Macruroids than the preceding species, 

 •though the snout is shorter and the mouth ])roader. 

 In this species, too, the snout ends in a hard, wartlike 

 protuberance, but the horizontal lateral carina' are more 

 concavely curved; and the front exterior corners of the 

 nasal bones are more distinctly set off from tlie be- 

 ginning of the suljorbital carina on eacli side. Besides, 

 the snout is not so depressed. The carina- on tlie head 

 are the same as in the preceding species: one in the 

 middle line of the ujiper side of the snout, ending in 

 a line ^\•ith the anterior margin of the oiints; one on 

 each side from the anterior outer corner of the nasal 

 bones up to the orl)ital margin, and together with the 

 latter and the anterior suborbital ])one forming a tri- 

 angular wall round the nasal cavitv; one on each side 

 of the forehead, wliich is only slightly concave, and 

 along the side of the occij)ut, Ijack to the beginning of 

 the lateral line; one on each side along the temples, 

 from the upper part of tlie hind margin of the orbit 

 to the upper corner of the gill-opening; and lastly one 

 at the middle of the occijiut, very short and of a length 

 no greater than that of 3 or 4 scales. The eyes are 

 of a considerable size and ol)long, the longitudinal dia- 

 meter of the orbits occupying more than ''/^ (about 

 35 %) of the length of the head, and the least breadth 

 of the interorbital space measuring at most "/j (60 — 49 %) 

 of the former. The nostrils are set as in the preceding 

 species. The intermaxillar\- bones form only aliout half 

 of the margin of the upper jaw, their loliate process 

 extending as far back as the bones themselves. The 

 hind extremity of the maxillary bones lies nearly below 

 the centre of the eye. The lower jaw is longer than 

 in the preceding species — though the u]iper jaw ]iro- 



jects l)eyoiid it in front — but on this head we must 

 remark that in the preceding species we find a distinct 

 alteration due to age, bj- which the length of the lower 

 jaw is increased even relatively during growth, and 

 young siieciniens of Macnniis Fahririi cin'responding 

 in size to the adult specimens of Jf. rni-liirhiinchiis are 

 unknown. The pointed and fairly straight jaw-teeth 

 are not large, but form broad cards (containing several 

 rows) both in the lower jaw and on tlie illternla\illar^" 

 bones. The pharyngeal teeth are thicker, strong, and 

 of conical shape, with the blunt tip marked off as a 

 distinct crown. The gill-i-akers are verrucose. The 

 operculum, as in most of the Macruroids, forms an al- 

 most right-angled triangle. The right (slight!}- obtuse) 

 angle is turned backwards, the lower posterior side 

 slightlj- concave, and the pointed end turned down- 

 wards, with the ]>oint fitted to the lower posterior 

 corner of the preoperculum, ^\•lli(•h is elongated in a 

 back^val•d direction, so that tlie postorliital [);irt of the 

 side of the head almost forms a square. The branchio- 

 stegal membranes are united below into a free but not 

 very liroad fold across the isthmus. 



Tlie first dorsal fin, which is set in a deep groove 

 in the dorsal edge, is high and trapeziform, the last 

 ray — as in most of the Macruroids — being apparently 

 destitute of membrane 1)ehind it, and the posterior rays, 

 from the second braiiclicd ray, decreasing in length 

 \vith fair uniformity, so that the hind pai't of the upper 

 margin of the fin is straight or slighth' convex. In a 

 specimen 725 mm. long the second branched ray is 

 77 mm. long, the secniid simple (the spinv i"u-) 73 mm., 

 and the last ray 18 mm. The first-mentioned ray is 

 e.xactly as long as the lower jaw, the length of the 

 last-mentioned ray only slightly more than half the 

 distance between the two dorsal fins and somewhat less 

 than half the base of the first dorsal fin. In the form 

 of the second dorsal tin Macyurus Fabricii belongs to 

 a group of the genus that is characterized by the com- 

 plete development of this fin even in front, its begin- 

 ning being also situated in tVont of that of the anal 

 fin. The first ray is about as long as the last ray of 

 the first dorsal fin or slightly shorter than it; the next 

 ravs gradually increase in length, though only slightly; 

 and the height of the fin then decreases extremely slowly 

 towards the tip of the tail, where it joins the anal fin. 



The anal fin is more than twice as high as the 

 second dorsal fin tliroughout almost the Avhole of its 

 length, with a slightly convex margin. Its first ray is 



