68(5 



SCANDINAVIAN FISHES. 



i-yiio-eal bones) on eacli side. Anotlier charactei' of moi'e 

 ^ener;il validity — which indiciiTes th(^ low rank of these 

 fishes among the Teleosts — is tlie imperfect ramifica- 

 tion and, in some cases, the defective transver.se divi- 

 sion (articnlation) of th(! soft fin-rays. 



The foi'in of tile body is very \ariiihle in the Hemi- 

 hraiich'ii. The Sticklebaclcs, wiiicii possess the ordinary, 

 most typically piscine form, are so like the Horse- 

 Mackerels that they have been ranged beside the latter 

 i)y mam' svstematists. All tiie others are of more 

 singnlar form, elongated like tlie Garpikes or laterally 

 compressed, and all witli the head prolonged into a long, 

 tubular or conical siKjut, at flie end of wiiicii the small 

 mouth is situated. Tliis ])roloiigation, however, does 

 not depend here, as in tlie Garpikes, on tlie elongation 

 of tlie jaws, but corresponds more exactly to the struc- 

 ture we have remarked above in certain Pleetognates, 

 here affecting tlie ctlinioid bone, tlie tiiree pairs of 

 pterygoid bones, the preoperculum, and tlie interoper- 

 culum, which together form the greatei' part of the 

 long rostral tube, special suborbital Ijones, on the other 



ds/. c^s_Z_ 



\. '^^^^■ 



.4,!?^ 



S*i. vi at 



Fig. 1.57. Gasteivsleiis nri:leatiis, Iracliiirus. naliiral si 

 f'ckeniforde Bay. A: from tlie side; B: from above; V: 

 anal rcgioiKs; r/.«, dorsal plates; j)s, plate of tlie ventral 

 bone), in A its ascending lateral process; </, vent; at, 

 ft, ventral spine, .\fter Heincke. 



ze. From 

 ventral and 

 fin (pelvic 

 anal spine ; 



Fig. l.'ilj. Slionlder-girdle of Ganlcrosleiii' aciileatux; niagn. 9 or 1 diam.: after TAnKER. 



A: Bones of the left side, seen from witliont. pt, posttemporal bone (Ganoid plate of tlie first dermal ring); 1.1.2, first lateral plate (Ganoid 

 plate of the second dermal ring): LI..'), fourth lateral plate; ct, clavicles; kc, scapula; sc.f, scapular fenestra; b./, first basal bone of 

 the pectoral fin; 0.4, fourth basal bone; ji.cr, ossilied jiart of the coracoid bone (priceoracoideuni, according to Pakkeh); /.(7, inter- 

 clavicles. 



fi: Section of the lower part of the clavicular arch, to show tlie cartilaginous part of the coracoid liones (e.ci: epicoracoidenm, according to 

 Parker) between the clavicles. 



U: Interclaviclcs, seen from the ventral side, with the anterior end up. 



