CAKl'-l'imiK.S. 



721 



All these t'oriiis liad relaiiied llieir pusitioii (iCreeoi;- 

 nised species until the time wlien the tii's) editiini of 

 Scaiulinariaii /Vn/zcs- Mppeared. Viuv.s and l"',K,s-n{(iM 

 then ad\aiiee(l the opinicin that the so-ealleil luircii was 

 a \(inn,i;' ilreani" to whieli Aktkdi had a|)|ilie(l a Swe- 

 dish name that is used tiiroughout tiie Suderiuaidand 

 coast of Lake Millar for the "Zope". 



In the second edition of his Fauna Siivcica LiXNMiUS 

 adopted as Swedish all AirrEOi's species with the excep- 

 tion of tlie (iudgeon, and added onh' one new, hut very 

 cliaracteristic species, the Skiirhra.ivti^ (_'ii}ir'nn(s (now 

 I'ek'ciis) riiltrafiis. We must not suppose, however, tiiat 

 LiXN.F.rs understood liv his C'l/prhuts Biorkna the same 



species as Akikdi: 



this Linmean form, as Kinios and 



Ekstk(")M ha\(' shown, is a nominal species made up oi 

 the White lireaiii and the Zope. LiNXiEUS is also the ori- 

 ginator of a not 111 r nominal species, briefly alluded to in 

 the Si/f^ffiiiii y til line'' under the name oi' C;ipriiu(s Idhanis, 

 as occurring in tlie Swedish lakes, and sid)se(|uently 

 introduced l)y IiETZIL's into the Scandinavian faiuia. 

 From the short diagnosis given by Linx.eus it is hardly 

 possible to decide with absolute certainty whether this 

 nominal sjiccies is identical with the Ide or the Koach, 

 though it is most probably the same as the former. 



In the third edition, begun by Ketzius in 1800, 

 of the Fauna Saeciea, 20 species of the Carp genus are 

 adopted, nameh' the same Ki as in the second edition (the 

 Bjorkna and Farrti thus in their Linna'iin signification, 

 and not as in Ahtedi), together with Artedi's Sandkri/- 

 pare {C'iii))iiii(s (joliio), and three new species are added: 



Cijprinus Dolndu. 

 „ Idhayiis, 



„ I'hoxinus. 



Among these three Fries and Eksthom recognised 

 the specilic rank of the first alo7ie; of Idharus they had 

 already declared their opinion, and with regard to Plio- 

 xinus thev jiointed out that the specific character as- 

 signed to it did not justify its recognition as a distinct 

 species from LinXvEUs's (Jyprinus Aiihija. 



In 18?>2 NiEssiiN ga\(' in his J'rddrtmuis fcl/tl/i/n- 

 loi/iff Sraiitlhiavica! a scheme of a Scandina\ian piscine 

 fauna, which possesses the merit, in addition to several 

 others, (jf haying established the definitions of the spe- 

 cies on more trustwortin- diagnostic grounds. Within 

 the ("arp genus (/'i/jnhias) the said author in(dudcs 20 

 species, namely the original KJ of Artedi, which we 

 there find restored to their first signification and more 

 fully diagnosed tiian before: furthermore ('. ridfrnfas, 

 Ddhida, I'l/(i.riiu(s, and a sj)cci(>s now introduced for the 

 first time into the Scandinavian fauna, IjLoch's Cjipri- 

 nu!-' (jihi'lio. The last-mentioned species was, however, 

 shown by Ekstrum to he merely a variety of the 

 ('ruciau ("arp. 



In the description pul)lished by Fr.stroji of the 

 pist'ine species of j\f(irko there also occurred a mistake 

 which he hastened to correct in ScamUnuvian Fishes, as 

 it had gi\en rise to another nominal species, Cyprimis 

 ni/croIepidofHS. On contiiuied observation of the growth 

 of the Cyprinoids he had convinced himself that this 

 tish, though very different both in form and coloration, 

 \\'as nothing more than the Ide at an early stage of 

 growth. 



The first edition of Scandbtaviau Fishes thus con- 

 tained 17 Scandinavian species, determined with cer- 

 tainty, within the Cyprinoid family. In Krgyer's me- 

 ritorious IJanmark's Fiske (vol. >!, pp. 289 etc.) and in 

 Nil.sson's Skandiiiavisk Fauna {Fiskarna, p]). 281 etc.) 

 the luimber of species is the same. This number was 

 first increased in 1871 by a new addition to our fauna, 

 when LiLLjKBoiic' described Swedish specimens of Lei(- 

 caspias deJineatus, specimens to which his attention had 

 been called by Mr. Ahlbum, Collector of Customs at 

 Landskrona. In 1877 Doctor Feddersex found in Jut- 

 land a species new to Denmark, Ahramis hijiunctafiis. 



We thus know at present 19 oi as the Goldfish may 



claim a place in the character of a domesticated S])e- 

 cies — 20 Scandinavian species of Cyprinoids, together 

 with the above-mentioned hybrids. 



Iiall show later on, Artedi (1. c, p. 23) has really flescribeit an Abramis Imlh 



" As 

 of '■'Faren''. 



' Ed. X, torn. I. i>. 324. 



■■ Ofvers. yet. Akatl. F6rli. 1871 



"Zope" 



Lcier the Swedish name 



tab. XVII, A. 



