722 



SCANDINAVIAN FISIIKS. 



Si-KFAMii.v CYPRININJE. 



horsed fj)i much liD/r/er fhtiu flic (iiiiil (Iciitjtii of flic laffcr i(f mosf ^ .^ of flint of flic former), ifs illsfance from 

 the tip nf fhc siiniit OS (I rule less than {sometimes about eijiiaf to) twice the leti/jth of the head. Among the 

 sinipfc riii/s id fhc nnfcrior marffin both of the dorsal fin (S or 4) mid the anal (2 or o) the hindmost is gene- 

 nifli/ hard as ftoiie mid spinifcrous at the hind margin. Lateral line on the tail oe< ajii/ini/ the middle of the 

 depth of the hodg. Ventral margin terete. Mouth as a rale furnished u-ith barbels. I'hargngeal cartilage as a 

 rule triangular, irifh the anterior margin straight or slightlg ronrex. Length of the intestinal canal (including 

 the stomach ami irsaphagus) as a rule secend times greater than the length of the lindg. 



We ha\'e o'iveii thi' tii-st i)l;n'(' iiinoiig these cliarae- its jiresent detiiiition, however, tlie subtMinily includes 



ters to the one whicli seems to us to l>e the most dis- all the Seaiidiiiavian Cyprinoids that are fiiniished with 



Tiiiet externa] token of the direetion of development ; barbels. The same irregularity affeets another charac- 



lullowed b\- the subfamily: a- long dorsal fin, developed ! ter, the sen-ation of the last undivided and osseous ray 



especially in front, ;is op|)osed to a short anal tin. In in the dorsal and anal tins: this may be present in 



the SeaiKlinaviaii fauna this chai'acter is not im])aired 

 by a single exception; but in consecjuence of another 

 developmental change, by which the relative length of 

 I lie head decreases with age, it sometimes happens that, 

 in large Crucian Cai'i) for I'xanijtle, the length of the 

 head is somewhat less than lialf the distance between 

 the dorsal fin and the tip of the snout, while the Tench 

 also resemliles, as a rule, in this respect the following 

 subfamily. The systematic signiticant'C of the barbels 

 we have already seen M-ithin tlie families both of the 

 Sheattish and the Loach; init here it sometimes happens 

 that one species of a genus (Ci/jiriiius) possesses them, 

 while others are without them: — ;ind yet these species 

 interbreed with each other so freelv that it seems far 

 too ai'tihcial to separate them into distinct genera. With 



some species of a genus (Barbiis), but wanting in other.'-, 

 while in the Scandinavian fauna it is wanting in two 

 genera of this subfamily {Gohin and Tinea), which in 

 other respects as well (the form of the pharyngeal 

 cartilage and the length of the intestinal canal) show 

 signs of a transition to the follo\ving subfamily. 



The genera that occur within the limits of the 

 Scandinavian fauna, may be distinguished ;is follows: 



A : Length of the dorsal fin mure than twice 



that of the anal Genus (^i/prinus. 



B: Length of the dorsiil lin less than twice 

 that of the anal. 

 a: Least depth of the tail less than - . 



of the length of the liea<l.-- Genus (roliio. 



Ii: J^'ast depth of the tail move than - -, 



of the length of the heail (ienus Tincn. 



Gems CYPRINUS. 



Base of the dorsal fin more than tiviee that of the anal fin. Branched rags in the dorsal fin at least 17 (e.r- 



ccptionallg lii), in the anal f'n at most 7 {exceptionallg s). Both these fns with one of the anterior rags 



stro)igUj osseous and behi)id spiniferous. Scales large — their number in the Intend line less 



than 40 — thick and hard. 



As GCnthek" has renuirked, we are fully justified I the Carp — , in spite of the fact that neither Artedi 

 in retaining the generic name of Cgprinus in its ori- nor Linn.kus has always been so exact in his syste- 

 ginal signification — in th(> first place as a name for | niatic enumeration of the C\priiioids as to range the 



" Cat. Jhft. Mu.i., Fish., v„l. Vll, p. 2.5, note. 



