724 



SCANDINAVIAN I'l.sHKS. 



Cijprimis Carpio, LiN., Si/st. Nat., cd. X, tnin. I, p. 320; 1!l., 



Naturg. Fi-tcli. Deulschl., part. 1, p. D-^, tab. XVI et XVII; 



Kktz., Fn. Snec. Lin., p. 354; Pai.l., Zoogr. Ros.i. Asiat., 



loni. IH, p. 289; Nit.ss., Prodr. h'Mh. Scancl., p. 33; 



SciiAnERsrn., Physiogr. S/illsk. Tidskr., p. 2115; Cuv., Vai,., 



Hist. Nat. Poiss., torn. XVI, ]>. 23; Hcki., Jiiissegg. Reis., 



part. 11, p. 1013; Kii., Uanm. Fifk:, vol. Ill, p. 290; 



XiLss., .s/,;iNr/. Fn.. Fish.., p. 284; HcKL, Kn., Siisswasserf. 



Oeiterr. Moii., p. 54; SiEB., Siisswasserf. Milteleur., p. 84; 



Canestr., Arcliiv. Zool., Anat., Fisiol., vol. IV (1866), p. 64; 



Gthu, Pril. Mns. Out., Fish., vol. VII, p. 25; Coll., Forli. 



Viil. Sclsk. Chrnia 1874, Tillnegi'li., p. 179; Hessel, U. S. 



Coniin. Fisl.., Hep. 1875—76, p. 865: Fedders., Naturh. 



Tiilskr. Kblivn, sit. .",, vol. XII, p. 82; Bncke, Fisch. Fischer., 



F/sch:. 0., II'. J'rcu.s:i., p. 106: Handb. Fischz., Fischer. 



(M. v. D. Borne), p. 117; MOR., Hi.':!. Nat. Poiss. Fr., 



torn. Ill, p. 368; Day, Fish. Gt. Brit., Irel., vol. 11, p. 158, 



tab. CXXIX, fig. 2; M6n., HcKE, Fisch. 0.ns., p. 105; LiuJ., 



^c, Norg. Fn., Fish., vol. Ill, p. 129; F.vno. Fu. Vert. 



.Sinsfe, vol. IV, part. I, ]). 171. 

 Re.r Ciiin-iiiorniii + Ci/i,riniis iiiiiliis (iilcjiiilotMs), Bl., 1. c, 



part. Ill, pp. 131 L-t 178. 

 Cyprimis corjiio + C. coriaceiis + C. specnlaris + 6'. riibro- 



fiiscus + V. nigroiitiratiis + C. viridi-violaceus, Lacep., Hist. 



Nat. Poiss., toiii. V, pp. 504, 528, 530, 547. 

 Cgprinus carpio + C. regina + C. elatiis, Bonai"., Fn. Ital., 



Peso. tab. 108 

 Ctjprinus hungariciis, Hckl, Ann. Wioii. Mus. vol. I, part. 2, 



p. 222, tab. 19, fig. 1, C. aciiminalus, Hckl, Kr., 1. c, 



p. 58. 

 (Jgpriiins Nordmanni + C flavipinnis (ex KuHL et V. Hass.) 



+ C. vittatus, Cuv., Val., 1. c, pp. 66, 71, 72. 

 Vypriiins hithijnicus, Richards., Proc. Zool. Soc. 1856, p. 372 



(vide Gthr). 

 Cyprimis atrovirens + C. jtainiiKnis + ('. sculpoiitatiis + C. 



hi/biscoides, Eichaeds., Ichtlii/ol. China, Rep. Brit. Assoc. 



1845, p. 287, cett. 

 Ci/priniis hceinatopterits + C. viehiiioltis + (J. conirostris, Schleg. 



Fn. Japan., Pi.tc, pp. 189 — 191, tab. XCVI et XCVII. 

 Ci/priiuis cliinensis + C. uliesns, Basil., Nouv. Mem. Soc. 



Nat. Mosc, torn. X, pp. 227 et 228, tab. I, fig. 2, tab. II, 



fig. 3. 



All these nuinercnis names — and .still more, whicli 

 we have refrained from giving, as we were unaltle to 

 verify the (|notations — have been applied in descrip- 

 tions to tlie C'arp with its many varieties. It has been 

 treated from time immemorial, we may almost sa}', 

 as a domestic animal, and this treatment has affected 

 its external form. Several of the above synonyms 

 prol)al)ly denote hyln'id forms, though it is difficult to 

 give a positive opinion on this head, as the dentition 

 of the plinryngeal bones has not been specially de- 

 scribed. 



In (iermam- and I'L'istern Europe the Carp attains 

 ■A length of about 1'., (Hkckel and Knek) or 1'., 

 (1>enkcke) metres and a weight of alxjut 30 — 33 kgiu. 

 (I'.VLLA.s and Hessel). In Scandinavia it has never 

 been kmiwii lo attain a size at all apju'oaching tiiis, 

 and even the account given by AsTiiiiM" of tin-ee Carp 

 respecti\('l\' 23, 24, and 27 Swedisli ]iounds (lU — II' ., 

 kgiii.) in weigiit, whicii were said to have been caught 

 "about" 1850 in the Hoje River at Lorama, is evidently 

 based on hearsay', though it cannot be considered to 

 involve any impossibility. These Carp would at that 

 weight iiave l)een probably 80 — 88 cm. long. 



Tile l)ody is fairly elongated and thick, the greatest 

 depth, which lies at the beginning of the dorsal fin, 

 measuring (in specimens 4 — A^j., dm. long) about 25 — 

 27 % of tile length, and the greatest tiiickness (just 

 behind the head) about half the depth or a little more. 

 Young specimens are in general somewhat deeper', but 

 thiiniei': tlie thickness increases with age more than the 

 depth. The dorsal and ventral profiles are fairly re- 

 gularly arcuate, the former, however, more so, espe- 

 cially in front. The dorsal edge is somewhat sharpened 

 just in front of the beginning of the dorsal fin; the 

 ventral edge, on the other hand, is more terete or even 

 somewhat flattened. The contour of the tail shows at 

 the ventral margin a slight break to receive the base 

 of the anal fin. The least depth of the tail measures 

 about 12 — 11 % of the length of the body and is as 

 a rule more than '/., greater than the length of the 

 base of the anal fin or about "., (52 — 47 %) of the 

 length of the head. 



The length of the head varies in adult Carp (3 — 

 5 dm. long) l)etween about 23' ^ and 22"2 % of tiiat 

 of the body'; in -soung specimens it is comparatively 

 somewhat greater, and it seems generally to be less in 

 the females than in the males. The head is of a com- 

 pressed conical form, with sharply rounded snout, and 

 quite strongly reminds us of a pig's head. The fore- 

 head is fairly l)road and soinevvliat convex (tlie Itreadth 

 of the interorbital space equal to or somewhat greater 

 than the length of the snout), but sho\vs between the 

 eyes a depression, lionnded within the convex supra- 

 orbital regions by two shallow g-rooves, which converge 



" Nagra iahttagelser riirande de vertebrerade djnr, som fiirekommo i trahten af Lomma, disp. Lund 1859, p. 26. 



' .According to Canestrini's measurements the depth of the body measures 27 — 30 % of its length (including the entire caudal fin), 

 while tills length increases from 128 to 200 mm. 



■■ Wlien the length of the body is measured, as usual in this work, to the end of the middle caudal rays. If we lake into account 

 the entire length of the caudal fin, (he above percentages become respectively 21' ,, and 20. 



