733 



THE GOLDFISH (.sw. (uaDLisKUN). 



CVPJtlNUS AURATUS. 



Pliife XXXI, fig. 2. 



No barbels. I'tmbdominal length {disfance betireeii the foremost (uppermost) jwiiits in the insertions of the pec- 

 toral and rentral ^fins) less than '^^ of the length of the base of the dorsal fin. Length of the lower jaw more 

 than Vj of the preabdominal length. 5 or 6 scales in an oblicjue transverse row between the lateral line and the 

 anterior part of the base of the dorsal fin. J'haryngeal teeth set in one row, transversely (in front and behind) 

 compressed^ and irltli one groove in the masticatonj surface: 4 — 4. 



Fig. n 



Pliarj'ugenl bone (left) aud pharyngeal cartilage of t'uprinus niircitn-i, magn. 3 diam. a, i, and c ai* in tlie preceding figure. 



R. br 



C. X + \ 

 Vert. 30- 

 6'yn 



+ 17 + 1 + .v; Lin. tat. 29''— 30; 



31. 



Ui/pnnns pinna ani dnplici, caud;e trifiirca 

 Handl. 1740, p. 403, tab. I, figg. 1 — 8: 

 p. 125, t.ab. II, fig. ad. num. 331. 



Cypriims auratus, Lin., Sy-^t. Nat., ed. X, toni. I, p. 322; 

 Baster, Opase. subseciva, torn. II, lib. II, p. 78, tab. IX; 

 Bl., Fisch. Deutsehl., part. Ill, p. 132, tab. XCIII et XCIV 

 (+ Cypr. macrophthalmus, Aiisl. Fisch., part. IX, p. 51, 

 tab. CCCCX); Laoep. {Cypr. auratus + C. argenteun -r C. 

 telescopiis + O. macrophthalmus + C. quadrilobatus) Hist. 

 Nat. Poiss., torn. V, p. 553; Yarr, Brit. Fish. ed. I, vol. 

 I, p. 315; Cuv., Val. (Uypr. lineatus — obs. tamen Z): * ,3! 

 Li». lat. 33; Lin. Ir. 11 — + C thoracatus + C. Langs- 

 dor/ii + O. auratus) Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. XVI, p. 06, 

 celt. : Richards. (Uypr. lineatus + C. carassioides (ex Geay) 

 + V. Burtjeri + C. gibelioides (ex Cant.) + C. Cuvieri + 

 C Langsdorfii + (J. thoracatus + (J. abbreviaius + V. au- 

 ratus) Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1845, p. 291, cett. : Basil. (Caras- 

 sius Pekinensis + Oar. coerulens + Car. discolor + Cyprinus 

 auratus + Cypr. macrophthalmus + Cypr. quadrilobatu.f) 

 Noiiv. Mem. Soc. Natur. Mosc, tom. X (1855), p. 229, cett., 

 tab. Ill, fig. 3, tab. V, figg. 1—5, tab. IX, fig. 2; Blanch. 

 (Cyprinopsis, ex FiTZ.) Poiss. d. eaux douces Fr., p. 343; 

 Gthr (Carassius) Brit. .Uus. Cat., Fish., vol. VII, p 32; 

 Fedders., Naturh. Tidskr. Kblivn, ser. 3, vol. XII, p. 83: 



Fatio, Fn. Vert. Suisse, vol. IV, part. I, p. 205; Day, Fish. 



Gt. Brit., IrcL, vol. II, p. 16G,. tab. CXXX, fig. 2; L1LL.1. 



(Cyprimm) <S'y., Norg. Fn., Fisk., vol. Ill, p. 1.58. 

 I Carassius Langsdorffii + Car. Burgeri + Car. Cuvieri + Car. 



I i/randoculis, Sciileq. (Sieb.) Fn. .Japan. Poiss. p. 192, cett. 



fab. XCVIII. 



Tlie (jroldlish is everywhere .so well known that any 

 special description of it seems unnecessary. In its nor- 

 mal type it is an intermediate form between the Carp 

 and Crucian Carp, with n more .shallow and more terete 

 body and longer dorsal tin than the latter. During 

 youth, liowever, the Crucian Carp and the Goldfish may 

 be almo.st exactly similar in these respects, especially as 

 the Goldfish undergoes exceedingly great variations in a 

 domesticated state. The rule is that the latter generally 

 has comparatively larger fins and shorter preabdominal 

 region than either the Carp or the Crucian Carp, the 

 young Goldfish being thus most easily recognised — 

 where the coloration does not decide the question — by 

 the fact that the tips of the pectoral fins extend behind 

 the perpendicular from the insertions of the ventral fins. 



The Goldfish, the kin-ju of the Chinese, has its 

 original home '"in a small lake, Tscliekiang^ near the 



" Sometimes 15, according to Fatio and Canestkini. 

 *■ „ 14, „ ,. F.iTio. 



9, „ „ Fatio. 



■* ,, 25, ,, „ Fatio and Canestrini. 



' In modern maps Tscbekiang is the name given to one of the eastern provinces of China, on the coast, between 27° — 31° N. lat. 



