C'lUCIAN CAI!!' 



73.5 



color:iti<)ii. Ill its earliest yoiitli, tlic (luriitioii of which 

 may, iiowcwr, be siiortened liy cultivation, the (ioldfish 

 wears its ori^iiial colour. Traces thereof aj)j)ear in our 

 fi(r(ii-c on the lips and the pectoral and ventral fins. 

 in nian\ jiarts of Southern and Central iMirojii' 

 the (ioldtish has become completely natui'alised. In 

 Sweden there can hardly be any locality where tlu^ 

 natural tem|ierature is high enough fully to satisfy the 

 climatic requirements of the Goldfish; but in Denmark 

 it is kept in ponds at several places, and even in Swe- 

 den it can li\-e and multiply in tint o])en, as shown 

 by an experiment made at Helsingborg. In l!S8cS t'wc 

 handsome Goldtish were put into a fountain in the Park 



ol' that town, and left to lind their own support among 

 the alg;e gi-owing on the bottom of the basin, and 

 among the insects they might capture at the surface 

 of the water, llcn-e they survived a severe winter, and 

 seemed to thrive excellently, having gained both in 

 weight and size by the following summer. The}' also 

 considerable increased in mnnber, the parent stock being 

 now surrounded by a numerous progeny". 



The flesh of the (ioldfish was tasted and com- 

 mended long ago b}' Basteu (1765). It is said to b(; 

 (excellent, whether boiled or fried, and superior to that 

 of the Carp. Tiie (ioldfish of eonnnerce yields most pro- 

 flt, however, by its sale as stock for ornamental waters. 



THE CRUCIAN CARP (sw. rudan). 

 CVPKINUS CARASSIUS. 



I'I;ite XXX, figs. 2 and 3. 



Mouth iritlidiit Ixirhels. J'realxJdiiiiiial loit/flt iimre tliaii ",,, of the Inisc of tlw dorsal f)i. Length of the lower 

 jair less than '^ ,, of the preulxlom'niul Iciii/th. 7 or S scales hi an ohliqiic fravsrerse row between the lateral line 

 and the anterior part of the base of the dorsal Jin. I'hari/ngeal teeth set in one row, for the most part trans- 

 versely compressed, with simple or one-grooved masticatory surface: 4 — 4. 



Fig. 182. Pharyngeal hunes ami pliaryngeal cartilage vf Vi/primis (iiniffnus. Nat. size, a, i, and c as in the preceding figure. 



/?. Or. .^: D. ^--; A. — - : P. — '— ; F. ^-; 

 16—19 6-7 13—16 7—9 



-7 g 



C..V+1 + 17+1 +.v: Lin. lat. (31)33 — 35: Lin. tr. -~- 1 : Vert. 32. 



6 



Sijn. Karas (Karass) et Giblichen, Gesn". De Aquat., Paralip., p. 16; 

 Cyprimis brevis, Schonbv., Ichihyol. Slesv. Hols., p. 33: 

 Cyprinus pinna dorsi ossiculorum viginti, linea lateral! recta, 

 Art., Ichihyol., Gen. Pisc, p. 4; ik'i/u. Pise, p. 5; Descr. 

 Spec. Pisc, p. 29; Lin. Fn. Snec, ed. I, p. 122 (pinna ohz 

 err.); Cyprinus Hamburger dictus, Gronov., Act. Upsal. 1741, 

 p. 75; Cyprinus, No. 4, Klein, Hist. Pisc. Natur. Miss. V, 

 p. 59, tab. XI, figg. 1 et 2. 

 Cypriyius Carassius, Lin., Syst. Nat., ed. X, torn. I. p. 321; 

 Penn., Brit. Zool. (ed. 1776), vol. IH, p. 319; V,\.., Fisch. 

 Deutschl., part. I, p. 69, tab. XI; Retz., Fn. 6'uec. Lin., p. 

 355; SwARTZ, Sv. Zool., vol. I. tab. No. 10; Ekstu., Vet.- 

 Akad. Hand]. 1830, p. 192: Pall., Zoor/r. B-o.^is. A.siat.. Unn. 



Ill, p. 297; NiLss.. Frodr. Ichlh. ,Scand., p. 32: Ekstr., 



Vet.-Akad. Handl. 1838, p. 213; Id., Skand. Fisk., ed. 1, 



p. 140, V. Wr., tab. 31 et 32; Y.\rr., Brit. Fish., ed. 2, vol. 



I, p. 355; Cuv., Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. XVI, p. 82, 



tab. 459; NiLSS., Skand. Fn., Fisk., p. 290; Blanch. {Vy- 



prinopsis) Poiss. d. eaux douces Fr., p. 336; Lindstr. Gotl. 



L. Hush. Sallsk. Arsber. 1866, p. 16 (sep.); Mela Vert. 



Fenn., p. 317; tab. X; Lillj., {Cyprinus) Sv., Norg. Fn., 



Fisk., vol. Ill, p. 147. 

 Cypi'iiiiis Gibelio, Bl., 1. c, p. 71, tab. XII; Ekstr. 1830, 



1. c. p. 196; Nilss., Prodr., p. 33: Yarr., 1. c, p. .S58; 



Cuv., Val., 1. c, p. 90; B.CKL.,K'ei. (fiarassitis) Siiasivasserf. 



Oeslr. .^fon., p. 70; Coll., Forb. Vid. Selsk. Chrnia 1874; 



Tilla>gsh., p. 180; Blanch. (Cyprinopsis) 1. c, p. 340; Norb. 



(Carassius) Handl. Fi.^kev., Fi.<ka/v., p. 417. tab. XLVIII, 



fig. 130. 

 Carassius vulgaris, NoRDM., Vuy. Riiss. Mer. (Dkmiboff), torn. 



Ill, p. 479: Kr., Damn. Fisk., vol. Ill, p. 294: Hckl. Kn., 



" See the Svenska Daghlad for the 22nd of August, 1889. 

 Scandinavian fishes. 



