736 



SCANDINAVIAN I'ISIIKS. 



1. c, p. G7; Dybowski, Vers. Monogr. Cypv. Ltd., p. 41: 

 KiEii. 6'usswasser/. Milteleur., p. 98; Mgrn, Finl. Fisk/n. 

 (disp. HelsiDgf. 1863), p. 37; Canestr., Arch. Zoo]., Anat., 

 Fisiol., vol. IV, fasc. 1 (186G), p. 66; Gthr, Cat. Brit. 

 Mus., Fish., Tol. VII, p. -29; Fedders., Nat. Tidskr. Kbhvn, 

 ser. 3, vol. XII, p. 82; Bncke, Fisch., Fischer., Fiscli:. O., 

 IF. Preuss., p. 109; MoR., Hist. Nat. Poiss. Fr., torn. Ill, 

 p. 374; MOb., Hoke, Fisch. Osts., p. 106; Day, Fish. Gt. 

 Brit., Irel., vol. II, p. 164; Bncke, Handh. Fi-'ichz., Fischer. 

 (M. V. D. Borne), p. 119. 



<Ji//iriiiiis moles, Ar.ASS., Mem, Soi/. Sc. Nat. Neuchat.. toiii. I 

 (1836), p. 37. 



Ui/priiws hiuiiitis +(?)(,'. /jucejihalus, HcKl., Ann. Wien., Mus. 

 vol. II, pp. 106, 1.".7, tall. 9, 6g. 4. 



t'l/printis LiiDuei. Bp., Vat. Mit. Pesc. Fur., \>. 27; Malm 

 {Cara.isius) Ghgs, Boh. Fii., p. 556. 



Ci/prinus oblongns, HcKi,, Kx., •Sii.^sicasser/. Oestr. .Man., p. 73. 



A: Tlie Lake ('ntchiii ('arp (('i/priiuis caras-'iius, inu'it.) 

 — Plate XXX, tig. •>. 



The size of tlie Crucian ('ar[) is very variable, being 

 intluenced by the water in which the ti.sh ]ive.s, and by 

 the su[)|)ly of food. Most specimens are small, but 

 S(jnit'tinies the species attains n. length of 4 dm. or 

 more. Tiie largest specimen KicsriioM saw measured 

 35 cm. to the base ot the caudal fin, i. e. 42 cm. to 

 the end of the caudal lobes. Lill.ikbohcj mentions se- 

 veral specimens 4.5 cm. long from Upland, and he once 

 saw a still larger Crucian Carp, which was taken in 

 Lake Hedervik (Upland) and weighed nearlj' SVj kgm. 



Tlie body is rather thick, liut couiprc^scd and very 

 deep, the greatest depth", wliich coincides with the 

 perpendicular from tlie beginning of the dorsal tin to 

 the bases of the ventral tins, measuring half the length 

 of the body to the base of the caudal tin or even to 

 a point half-way along the said tin. The greatest thick- 

 ness, which lies almost in the same perpendicular, mea- 

 sures more than ',3 (about " -) of the greatest depth. 

 The back is broad and convex at the occiput, gradually 

 decreasing in lireadth towards the dorsal tin, at the 

 base of which it is strongly compressed and thin. From 

 the end of the dorsal tin to the caudal tin the back 

 resumes its broad, convex shape. Forming a more or 

 less obtuse angle at the beginning of the dorsal tin, 

 the entire dorsal profile runs in a high arch to the end 

 of the said fin, where a depression begins and extends 

 to the caudal fin. The belly is flat in front of the 

 ventral fins, Vjetween these fins and the anal fin con- 

 vex, with a low carina along the median line. The 



curve of the ventral ]jrofile, less mai-ked than that of 

 the dorsal, is regular to the beginning of the anal fin, 

 fr(jm which point it rises more abruptly to the peduncle 

 of tiic tail. This finless part of the tail is deep'' and 

 very siioi't, the distance between the anal and caudal 

 fins measuring half the depth of tiic tail at the ter- 

 mination of the former fin. 



The head, which is not very large, occui)ies in 

 adult specimens about "22 % of the length of the body, 

 or rather more than \ ^ (jf the length to the base ot 

 the caudal tin, wliile in young specimens its relative 

 length is somewhat great<'r. The breadth measured 

 across the gill-covers is about equal in adult specimens 

 to the distance from the tip of the snout to the hind 

 margin of the preoperculum, in young specimens to 

 that of the orbit. The forehead is broad and convex, 

 its breadth at the middle of the eyes measuring in 

 adult specimens about .3.S — 41 "a of the length of the 

 head. The pnjfile is straight from the snout to the 

 (jccipiit, where a slight break generally interrupts its 

 continuity. The snout is Idunt. Its length in adult 

 specimens is aliout ' ., of that of the head. It projects 

 slightly in front of the mouth, which is small, pro- 

 trusile, and turned slightly upwards. The lips of young 

 s])ecimens are fairlv thick, especially the underlip; but 

 in old si)ecira('iis thev shi-ink, and sometimes leave the 

 sharp inferior edge of tlie intermaxillary bones to form 

 the \cry margin of the upper jaw. The upper jaw 

 projects somewhat, though only slightly, beyond the 

 lower; but the length of the latter is generally some- 

 wiiat greater than that of either the snout or the oper- 

 culum. The eves are circular and middle-sized, being 

 comparatively larger as usual during youth, and vary- 

 ing in longitudinal diameter between idiout 70 and 40 

 % of the breadth of the interorbital sjjace. They are 

 set so high that an horizontal line drawn from the 

 middle of the margin of tlic iippi'i' jaw t(.)Ufhes the 

 lower edge of the iris or of the piii)il. The nostrils 

 resemble those of the Carp; but the two antcrioi- nostrils 

 lie at a Somewhat greater distance from each other than 

 from till' tip of the snout. The operculum is flat, 

 without -Mw m;irked convexity, and rendered rough to 

 the touch by rows of tubercles radiating towards the 

 inferior margin. Its upper margin is united by tiie 

 skin to the sidi' of the bodv. In this species also the 



" About 41 — 43 % of tlie leiistli of Ibe b.itly to tlie end of flie iiiiddlu caudal iiiargiu. 

 ' Least depth of the tail alu'iit 13 °i <if the length of the body. 



