IIU'CIAN CAUP. 



741 



the ice. How great sufferings it is cniiaMe ut' ciKluriii^z', 

 mav ''c gnthered from 1'Jvstr(")M s ;u'coiiiit of .-i s|icriiii('ii 

 (lescrilii'd in his "Miirkofiska)" . "Tliis s|ieciiiK'ii w;is pro- 

 cured from the ishiiid-helt, wduM'c it li;ul licen kept 

 several days in a caiif. About five oVlock in the mor- 

 niiv it was taken out of \\w cnuf and carried to tlie 

 reetor\'. It was tlien laid on a gutting-board and left 

 there during the wlmle time occupied in describing and 

 drawing it. About six o'clock p. m., when the tish had 

 been out nf the water ipiite thirteen hours, it was cut 

 in two close to the begiutung of the (hirsal fin. Tlie 

 heart, liver, etc. weiv removed, and th(! surface of 

 section was drawn. \Mien all this was finished, and 

 tlie pieces were to be thrown away, the for('])art of the 

 fish still sliowed signs of life, the gill-co\-ers being 

 opened and ch)sed, and the mouth protruded and drawn 

 back. I left tlie |)ieces where they lay, in order to 

 observe how soon all manifestations of life would cease. 



Not until nine o'clock in the escning had all signs of 

 \italit\ disappeared. 'Ihc lisii liad thus lived sixteen 

 hours without water, three hours cut in two and with- 

 out heart." 



Of the age attained by the ("rucian ('ar|» Lixx.KU.s 

 tells us {Skdnska Ri'san, y. 25ti) that a Crucian <'ari> 

 had lived "certainly more than 70 \cai's' in a spring 

 at .Ma in the |iai'ish of Svensk<ip. I )uring all this time 

 it had not grown to a greater length than in. (l.j 

 cm.), and th(^ colour of the back was very dark. "The 

 meagre watei' of tin; spring had |irobabl\ (hniied it a 

 suthciency of fonfl." 



The Crucian ('ai'ji is taken chiefly in ti-aps (see 

 above, p. oo, tig. 7), diu'ing the sjiawning-season in 

 gill-nets, and oiten in traniniel-nets". In the last case 

 the water should be thick, for othei'wise tiie tish seldo.m 

 suffers itself to lie driven into the net, but buries it- 

 self in the mud. ( Ijv.stko.m, S.viitt.) 



'■ Fr. tramail (trois umilles), S\v. sk'vtiiiiit, dalnot, cr piihiiot. In tliis fisliury, wliith is gc-iH-rnlly oi]i|jlo)fil for tlii^ Cypriiioids, and 

 which is unfortunately very destructive if iirnitisi-d during the spiiwniug-season, the necessary tackle comprises, besides the coble, the net 

 itself (tig. 183), the 'shoes' (Sw. kabbarni', tig. 1S4). a jhiIc. and a 'heater' (Sw. puis, fork, or lerfvel, fig. 185). The depth of the net is 

 between 12 and 16 dm., the length 14 — 10 mptres if the net is to be managed by one man, but much greater when there are two fisher- 

 men. Besiiles the net itself (the inner net — fig. 18:!. G). which resembles an ordinary gill-net, and is made of very fine twine, the size 



l-ig. ls:i. 



Fiij. 184. 



Fir,. IS.-i 



Fig. 18:). One end f.f a trammel-net. AB. the head rope: CD. the foot rope; K and F, the two outer nets: (r, the inner net. 



Fig. 184. Shoe. Fig. 18o. Beater. 



of the meshes depending ou the kind of the fish for which the net is to be used, the trammel should consist of an outer net (Sw. ijrimma) 

 with very large meshes, and made of coarse and strong twine. The outer net should be ei|ua) in length to the inner net, if it is to extend 

 along only one side of the trammel, or twice as long, if, as is usually the case, it is to cover both sides (fig. 18:!, /•; and F). When 



