742 SCANDINAVIAN FISIIKS. 



Genus GOBIO. 



Bnse of the ilorsal ,tin less f/noi firice as lonf/ as that of the anal. lirancliecl rays in tl/e dorsal fti at most 8, 



in the anal at most 7. Neither of these fiis with any spi'iriferons ray. Scales middle-sized — 40 or a fete more 



ill the lateral line — and rather thin. Distance hetteeen the anal fin and the rent ahoaf equal in length 



to the hase of the fin. 



In this uemis .iiiil tlic following one we pass from 

 the JMacroenteric Cyprinoids and also draw nearer to 



established bj- Civikr" as a subgenus of Cyprinm; 

 but Fleming' was the first to adopt it as the name of 



the Leuciscine group, the dorsal fin being reduced both ' a distinct genus. Onl}- two s])ecies, both European, 



in tlie nundier of tlic rays and the length of the base, j have hitherto been recognised within this genus. One 



The externa] form of the body is also approximated ! of tliein, the smaller, but more elongated of the two 



to the Leuciscine type. Still its affinity to the genus \ (Gohio nranoscopiis), belongs exclusively to Austria and 



Baiiius, which abounds especially in India, connects Bavaria. The other is 

 (rohio with the true Carps. The genus Gohio was \ 



the fish comes in contact with the inner net, it puslies a part thereof in front of it through one of the meshes of the outer net, and is 

 thus enclosed in a liind of pocket, from which it cannot retreat. The size of the meshes in the outer net varies according to the depth of 

 the trammel, which should he five meshes deep. In the inner net, which is to form the pockets, the netting should be deeper, a traumiel 

 12 dm. deep requiring an inner net 16',, flm- i» depth. Tlie art of constructing a trammel-net is difficult enough; but space permits us 

 only to refer tlie reader to the figure. The head rope (Sw. fianitelnen) should, if possible, be furnished with round floats (Sw. flaru) of pine- 

 bark, attached at a distance of 17 — 20 cm. from each other. The foot rope (Sw. stentelnen) should be weighted with plummets of lead. 

 At each end of the head rope a so-called 'shoe' is fastened. The slice is made of wood, in the form of a pointed and hollow cone, and 

 from its base there projects a wooden disk, pierced at the end with a liole, by means of which the shoe is attached to the head line. 



In addition to the net described above the fisherman should have a coble or punt, furnished at the i)row with a ring of iron, rope, 

 or twisted ruslies, about 15 cm. in diameter. The pole, with wliiili the net is shot, is made of spruce, and i-hould be 7 or 8 metres 

 long, not too thick to be easily grasped by the hand, and not so thin as to bend beneath the weight of the net. The tackle should be 

 completed by a so-called 'beater', with shaft 4 or 5 metres long. The shaft .should consist of a thin stake, sharpened like a sword at one 

 end to enable the fisherman to drive it with ease into the bottom, and furnished at the other end with a lump of wood which varies in shape, 

 but generally resembles a hemisphere hollowed into the form of a funnel. When this end of the 'beater is thrust into the water, the air 

 contained in the hollow is forced below the surface, and increases the noise of the blow. 



Armeil with these implements, the fisherman betakes himself some fine summer day to a shore overgrown with grass or reeds. When 

 he has found a suitable spot, he passes the pointed shaft of the beater through the ring at the prow of the coble, and drives it into the 

 bottom hard enough to moor his boat safely. Then he lets down the net, which should have been properly arranged beforehand, into the 

 water at the bows, takes the pole, inserts its end into the shoe, and thus shoves out the net in an oblique direction towards the shore. When 

 he has spread half the net to the full length of the pole, he suddenly plucks the latter out of the shoe, and the net stays in position. He 

 now inserts the tip of the pole in the same manner into the shoe at the other end of the trammel, and sets this part of the net in a si- 

 milar way, so that, when both halves of the net are shot, it lies in the form of a snow-plough (V), with the entrance of the angle turned 

 towards the shore, and its point towards the bows of the coble. The fislieruian next draws up the 'beater', adjusts the middle part of the 

 net, the part wddch the length of the pole has not eualded him to set before, and with the aid of the 'beater' puslies the coble round om- 

 end of the net towards the shore. Having got as close in shore as possible, and keeping the net in front of him, he turns the other end 

 of the 'beater' downwards, and plunges it into the \v-ater in the direction of the net, thus driving the fish before him, and gradually pushing 

 the coble forward, until he is alile to foueli the net with the 'beater'. With the same implement he then lifts tlie foot rope of the net 

 above the surface, takes the foot rope and liead rope in his hand, and ilraws up the net into the boat. After arranging the trammel by 

 taking one of the ropes in each hand and laying the net carefully in the coble, he proceeds to another spot, where he repeats the operation. 



When the trammel-net is so large that two men are required to manage it, it is set like a seine in a semicircle, and when they are 

 ready, one of the fishermen rows the coble from land tow.ards tlie trammel, while the other stands in the boat and with the 'beater' drives 

 the fish into the net. 



" Regn. Anim., ed, 1, tom. II, p. 193. 



'' Brit. .!/(/»(., p. 180. 



