to Mki.a, ill till' l^ivcr 01)1". In Scaiuliiiavia it is evi- 

 deiitiv a norrlici-u and eastern fish, being rare in Deii- 

 niark. In the north of Sweden if is e(jninion in all 

 the iai'ue risers and lalies connected with tlie IJaltie, 

 from the Muonio to tiie Dal elf inclusive. In these 

 regions it is found especially in the large lakes and 

 also in the rivers, penetrating into I>apland as far as 

 the ri\ers afford it a passage. In tlie TorneS. Elf it 

 is unknown above Keiigis Force; but \Vii)egi!EN says 

 that it ascends from this river into the Muonio, in (18° 

 N. hit. In Lvcksele Lappmark it is taken in ipiantities. 

 Its most common provincial name in the north is the 

 one given abo\e. In Daleearlia it is known as the 

 Strdtfii/f/. and in the neighbourhood of Gefle as the 

 Vdhni. It is also coiiimun in the large rivers and 

 lakes of W'erndand and in Lake Wener, where it is 

 called Shifiiiti/. South of the River Gotha we have 

 personallv no informati(jii of its occurrence in Sweden. 

 Of the other Swedish names for this species we will 

 mention SkaU-id, Skalljer, and Achufj. In the island- 

 belt of Stockholm Sixdevall found the Dace to be 

 very rare, though, according t(j Ek.stho.m, it occurs, 

 but is not very common, among the islands off the 

 coast of Sodermanland''. In Norway, according to CoL- 

 LETT, the Dace is comuion in the south. It is dispersed 

 throughout Finland, and in Russian Karelen was taken 

 by M.\LMr.HEN in the River Keni, near the White Sea. 

 In Denmark, whei'c it was not known with certainty 

 by Ki;oVEK, it occurs, according to Feduersen, in the 

 Nips, a river of south-western Jutland. 



The Dace, like tlie Ide and Chul), is partial to 

 running -water, and in spring ascends from the lakes 

 and the Baltic island-belts into the rivers to breed. It 

 is more easily overpowered by the current, however, 

 than the others, and therefore prefers f]uiet streams''. 

 It passes the winter in the depths of large lakes, or in 



E. 7(;3 



deep water among the islands on the Baltic coast. 

 Early in the spring, soon after the ice has broken up, 

 the Dace assemble in large shoals, l)egin to ascend the 

 rixc'i's, and comuKnice spawning in May on a sandy 

 bottom, as a rule eight or ten days after their arrival. 

 On tlie completion of tlie spawning, they usually re- 

 main at most a- fortnight longer, and then desert the 

 si»awning-plac('. In the Klar Elf, however, the Dace, it 

 is stated, remains all the \-ear round. It is one of the 

 less prolific Cyprinoids, the female containing a com- 

 paratively small number of rather large eggs. F.\tii> 

 counted about 17,400 o\a, about 2 mm. in diameter, 

 in a female 27 cm. long. 



The Dace is a timid tish, and takes to flight at 

 the least noise. Its mo\ements in the water are very 

 rapid and active, and it often leaps over the net. It 

 is tenacious of life, young Dace being therefore excellent 

 live bait, especialh- as tlieir skin is bright and lustrous. 

 The flesh is white, not very bony, and of good flavour. 

 Still, owing to its insignificant size, the Dace is in little 

 request, and it is only in localities where it is plenti- 

 ful, and where for the time being other fish is scarce, 

 that this species is used as food. 



The Dace is taken in the seine during the whole 

 summer, where this method of fishing is employed for 

 other species; lint onl\- solitary specimens are caught 

 in this manner. It is principally taken 1) in gill-nets, 

 which are set in quiet bends and long windings of the 

 streams, such places being favourite haunts of the Dace 

 on bright and warm summer days, 2) with trammel- 

 nets, which are used at the same time of year in shallow 

 and weedy inlets of the lakes, 3) in traps (see above, 

 pp. 32 and 33), which are set during the spawning- 

 season at places that the tish must pass, the narrowest 

 channels and those easiest to close being selected for 

 this purpose. (Ekstrom, S^nTT.) 



" Pallas (1. c, p. 314) applies to liis Cijpriims lacustris the Finnish name of Kortsa, which, according to Mela, belongs to the 

 Dace. Thus, according to Pallas, the Dace is common throughout Western Siberia and especially plentiful in Lake Baikal. The' Cijprinus 

 Grislagini: of Pallas is, according to Grimm, a variety of Roach. 



'' Unless EkstrOm's description of the Dace in the Vet.-Akad. Handl. for 1830 referred principally to the Ide. 



■^ LlLLJEBORG was told, however, that ''the Dace can surmount rapids with a fairly strong current". 



