770 



SCANDINAVIAN FISHES. 



Syn. SqiKito Venet. et Rom., Uavedano Milan., Belon, Nat., Divers. 

 Poiss., p. 315. Cephalus fiuviatilis, Rond., De Pise, part. 

 2, p. 190 Capita sive Cephalus, Willughb., Hist. Pise, 

 p. 25y ; Cyprimis oblongiis macrolepidotus, pinua ani ossicu- 

 lorum undecim, Art., IchlhyoL, Gen. Pise, p. 5; Syn. Pise, 

 p. 7: + (?) Uyprinus Albo italis dictus, Syn., p. 13. JVaddi 

 (err. pro Nadd-id.), Lin., Act. Soc. Ups. 1744—50, p. 35, 

 tab. III. 



Cyprinus Cephalus, LiN. (p. p., nee. Cyprinus cylindricus, Mus. 

 Ad. Fred.), Syst. Nat., ed. X, toin. I, p. .■i22; Flmng (Leu- 

 ciscus). Brit. Anim., p. 187; Eksth., v. Wr. (Cyprinus), 

 Skand. Fish:, fcd. I, p. G7, tab. XIII; Kr. (Leaciscus), Damn. 

 Fisk., vol. Ill, p. 482; Dybowski (Squalius), Cypr. Livl., 

 p. 119; SiEB., ^usswasse?'/. Mitteleur., p. 200; Morn, Finl. 

 Fisk., p. 46; Steind., Stzber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math. 

 Natiirw. CI. LIV", i (1866), p. 262; Blanch, Poiss. d. eau.v 

 douce.1 Fr.. p. 392 (+ Sgu. meridionalis, p. 396, + Squ. 

 clnthratus, p. 398); Gtur (Leuciscus), Cat. Brit. Mus., Fish., 

 vol VII, p. 220; Coll., Forh. Vid. Sclsk. Christ. 1874, 

 TilliEgsh., p. 181; Malm, Gbgs, Boh. Fn., p. 561; MoR. 

 (■Squaliiis), Hist. Nat. Poiss. Fr., torn. Ill, p. 422; Bncke, 

 Fisch., Fischer., Fischz. 0., W. Preuss., ]>. 137; Fatio, Fn. 

 Vert. Utiisse, vol. IV, p. 557; Mela {Leuciseus), Vert. Fenn., 

 p. 325, tab. X; Apostol. (Squalius), Pech. Gr., p. 31; Day 

 (Leuciseus), Fi.ih. Gt. Brit., Irel, vol. II, p. 178, tab. 

 CXXXII, tig. 1; MuB., HcKE, Fisch. Osts. p. 110; Grimm 

 (Squalius), Fish., Hunt Huss. Wat., p. 14. 



Cyprinus Idus, Bl. (syn, err.), Fisch. Dentschi, part. I, p. 

 253. tab. XXXVI. 



Cyprinus Dobida, Retz. (syn. err.), Fn. Suec. Lin., p. 356; 

 Cuv. (syn. err.), Regn. Anita., ed. 1, torn. II, p. 195; NiLSS., 

 Prodr. Ichth. Scand., p. 26; Agass. (Leuciseus), Mem. Soc. 

 Sc. Nat. Neuch., toui. I, p. 38; Cuv., Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., 

 toni. XVII. p. 172 (+ Leue Albiensis, p. \9i + Letie fri- 

 ijidns, p. 234); Kr., Damn. Fisk., vol. Ill, p. 463; Hokl 

 (Squalius), Stzber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math. Naturw. CI. IX 

 (1852). p. 80, tab. VIII; Hokl, Kn., Siissivasserf. Oestr. 

 Mon., p. 180 (+ Squ. svalli:a, p. 197 + Squ. alhus. p. 

 198, vide Canestrini). 



Cyprinus Jeses, Donov. (syn. err.), Brit. Fish., tab. CXV; 

 Jdr. (excl. syn.) Mem. Soc. Phys., Hist. Nat. Geneve, torn. 

 Ill, part. I, p. 207, tab. XI. 



Leuciseus cavedanus + L. tiberinus (= L. squalius, Val.) 

 + L. Pareti + (?) L. albus, Bonap., Iconogr. Fn. Ital., part. 

 Ill (Pesci), tab. 112 et 113; vide Canestrini, Arch. Zool., 

 Anat., Fisiol., vol. IV (1866), p. 103, et Fatio, 1. c. 



Leuciseus latifrons, NiLSS., Skand. Fn., Fisk., p. 309; Widegr. 

 (Cyprinus), Landtbr. Akad. Tidskr. 1863, pp. 202 et 208; 

 LiLLJ, (Leuciseus), Se, Norg. Fn., Fisk., vol. Ill, p. 223. 



Leuciseus cii, Richards., Proc. Zool. Soc. 1856, p. 375. 



The Chub probably attains the same size as the 

 Ide, and in Sweden seems to be the largest Leuciscine, 

 though we do not possess such statements of its extra- 

 ordinary size as those given in the description of the 

 preceding species. Ekstrom's largest specimen was S'/s 

 dm. long. Most Chub taken during the spawning- 



season are of the same lengtli as the Ide o or 4 dm. 

 and weigh about 8 — 3' j kgm." 



The liody is shallow and thicker than that ot the 

 Ide, and the Ijack broader and more convex, sometimes 

 with a slight depression in the median line near the 

 occiput. The greatest depth of the Iwdy is at most 

 about ^6 % of its length, and the greatest thickness in 

 adult specimens is distinctly more than half the depth, 

 .sometimes 60 % thereof. The least depth of the body 

 measures in young Chub about 9 %, in old about 10 

 — lO'/v % of its length. Seen in protile, the dor.sal 

 margin rises slowly (in old sjiecimens in a .scarcely 

 perceptible curve) fnnu tiie occiput to the beginning of 

 the dorsal fin, where the body is deepest, and then 

 slopes towards the caudal fin nearly in a straight line. 

 The ventral ])rotile forms a slight curve, almost with- 

 out a break, from the chin to the vent. 



The head, compared with the body, is somewhat 

 longer than in an Ide of the same size, varying in Chub 

 16 — 42 cm. long between about 26 and "22 % of tlie 

 length of the body. Above it is flat, with eves com- 

 paratively wide apart, for the breadth of the interorbital 

 space, compared with the length of the head, is indeed 

 about equal to the corresponding measurement in the 

 Ide, but compared, for example, with the base of the 

 dorsal fin, distinctl}' greater, being as a rule greater 

 than the length of this base, or at least more than 90 

 % thereof. The great breadth of the forehead is highly 

 characteristic of the Ciiul) at all ages, and in some 

 localities has gained for this species the name of Dick- 

 Kopf. The frontal line is almost straight, slightly 

 steeper in its anterior j)art; and the .snout is shallower 

 (more pointed when seen from the sides) than in the 

 Ide. The sides of the head are flattened and slope to- 

 wards the snout, \vhich, seen from above, is broad and 

 more or less obtuse, but generalh- rather more pointed 

 than in the Ide. In the other structural features of the 

 head the Chul) almost exactly resembles the Ide; but 

 the mouth is somewhat larger, as may most readily be' 

 shown by a comparison of the length of the lower ja 

 with the suture between tiie operculum and suboper- 

 culinn. Tiie length of the latter is in the Ide at least 

 90 % (100 — 91 %, according to our measurements) of 

 that of the lower jaw, but in the Chub at most 90 % 



I 



" According to Duhamel (Traite des Peches, pt. II, p. 502) the Chub attains in the Moselle a weight of 10 — 12 lbs.; in the lakes of 

 Upper Austria, accoriling to Heokel, it sometimes weighs 8 or 9 lbs. Nordmann (Demid. Voy. Puss, mer., p. 484) describes an Abkhasian 

 variety (?) of this species (hat attains a lengtli of 9"„ dm. 



