in slowly running water. Here the eggs attach them- 

 selves to the gravel and stones. According to Benecke 

 each female deposits about 100,000 ova. In a Chub 

 weighing 3 lbs. Bloch found 07,(500 yellowish eggs of 

 the size of poppy seed. 



Till the month of October tlie ("Iml) stays in the 

 rivers, and then returns to its wiii1cr-(|uarters. 



In Norrkoping River the Chub was taken, according 

 to the authorities cited above, in strong nets stretched 

 across the stream and in traps. As a rule, however, 

 this fish is caught by angling, the bait consisting of 

 a worm, the shelled tail of a craylish, a fly, a cater- 



;ii. 773 



pillar, a bit of cheese, or, we may almost say, any 

 eatable substance, for the Chub is not hard to please, 

 though the sight of the rod, the line, or the angler 

 frightens it away in a moment". Tiie best time of daj* 

 is tlie moiMiing or evening, and in tlic lakes tlie lisher- 

 man should choose a stony Ijottcjm, in tiie rivers a 

 rapid part or race. 



The flesh of tiie Cliub, tliougli palatable and 

 not unlike that of the 'Asp' (Aspiiis lapa.i), contains 

 numerous loose bones, and is tlierefoi-e not mucii 

 esteemed. 



(Ekstkom, S.Mrrx.) 



THE ROACH (sw. mokten). 



LEUCISCUS eUTlLUS. 



Plate XXXIII, fijr. 1. 



Scales in the lateral line ahaut 43 {40 — 40). Branched rays in the dorsal fin !> — 11. Least depth of tlie pe- 

 duncle of the tail more than 43 % of its length at the middle, hut miieh less than the length of the hase of the 

 dorsal fin. Outer margin of the anal fin concave. Pharyngeal teeth hooked at the tip or blunt, ivith smooth 

 masticatory surface, very faintly granulated, slightly pectinated, or worn into a single deep groove; 



set in one row. (){5) — {■j)(>. 



Fig. 192. Pharyngeal bones and pliaryngcal cartilage of Leucisciis riitilu.i, natural size, a, b. and c as in the preceding figure. 



C. .c + 1 + 17 + 1 + ,r; 

 Vert. 40'— 42. 



.3 



lo'— IT' 



L. lat. (40)43— 4e; L. tr 



14 — 17' ' 8' 

 8(7) 

 4(3) ' 



Syn. Leucisciis, Rondel., I)e Pise, part. II, p. 131. Rutilus sive 

 Rubellus jiuviatilis, Gesn., Hist. Aiiim., lib. IV, p. 820. 

 Ci/prinus iride, pinnis ventralibus ac ani plervinique rubenti- 

 bus, Art., Ichthjolog., Gen. Pise, p. 3; S>/n. Pise, p. 10; 

 Descr. Spec. Pise, p. 10; Cyprinus pinnK ani radiis duo- 

 decim rnbicuudis, LiN. Fii. Suee, ed. I, p. 124. 



Cyprinus Rutilus, Lin., Syst. Nat., ed. X, torn. I, p. 324; 

 C)DM.ANN, Vet.-Akad. Handl. 1782, p. 163; Bl., Fisch., 

 Deutschl., part. I, p. 32, tab. 2; Retz., Fn. Suee, Lin., 

 p. 357; Pall., Zoogr. Ross. Asiat., torn. Ill, p. 317; Flmng 

 (Leucisctis), Brit. Aiiim., p. 188; Ekstr. (,Cyprinus), Vet.- 

 Akad. Haudl. 1830, p. 158; ^ILSS. , Prodr. Tchlliyol. Scand., 

 p. 27; Agass. (^Leucisciis rutilus + L. prasiniis + L. de- 

 cipiens), Mem. Sec. Sc. Nat. Neucli., toni. I, p. 38; Ekstr., 

 V. Wr. (Cyprinus), Skand. Fisk., ed. 1, p. 72, tab. 15; 

 Cuv., Val. (Leucisciis), Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. XVII, p. 130 

 (+ L.rutiloide.<i (ex Selts), p. 149 + L. prasinus (ex Agass.), 

 p. 153 + L. Selysii (ex Selys), p. 198); Kk., Damn. Fiske. 



" Cf. Blanchere, Nouv. Diet. d. Pi-che.^, p. 174. 



' Sometimes 9, according to Mobeai;. 



' Sometimes 39, according to Fatio. 44. according to Artedi. 



