ABRAMIDINES. 



819 



THE ZOPE (SW. FLIRAJJ OK faeen). 



ABRAMIS BALLERUS. 

 Plate XXXIV, tig. 1. 



Scales ill till' lateral line almd 70 {(',9" — 7S). Anal Hn irith S4 — 4:2 braiiclied ra>/s. Beticeen the lateral line 

 and the dorsal Hn 14 — 1(! rows of seales. Moatli asrendinf/, a-itli the tip of the lower Jaw sUyhthj projectlnij. 



J'liarjinfienl teeth set in a sinf/le row: 5 — 5. 



Fig. 200. Left lower pharyngeal of A/>minis balltnix, natiirul size. 



R. br. .3; D. 



V. .r + 1 + 17 + 1 -t 

 Vert. 47—48. 



8—10(11) 



liiyii. Vi/prinus admodum latus et tenuis; pinna ani ossiculorura 

 quadraginta, Art., Ichthyol., Gen. Pise, p. 3; Syn. Pise, 

 p. 12; Descr. Spec. Pise, p. 23 + Cyprinus iride flava: 

 pinna ani ossiculorum triginta (viginti) septem, ibid., Gen., 

 p. 3; Syn., p. 13; Spec, p. 23; Cyprinus pinna ani ossicu- 

 lorum quadraginta, LiN., Fn. Suec, ed. I, p. 122 -I- Cypri- 

 nus pinna; ani radiis triginta septem, ibid,, p. 123 + Cypri- 

 nus pinnse ani radiis viginti quinque (p.p.), ibid., p. 124, obs. 



Cyprinus Farenus, Li.\., Syst. Nat., ed. X, torn. I, p. 326; 

 Retz., Fn. Suec. Lin., p. 361. 



Cyprinus Ballerus, Lin., Syst., 1. c.; Retz., 1. c., p. .TGI: Bl., 

 Fisch. Deutschl., part. I, p. 62, tab. IX; Pall., Zooijr. Ross. 

 Asiat., torn. Ill, p. 327; NiLSS., Prodr. Ichthyol. Scand., 

 p. 30; Ekstr., v. Wr., Slcand. Fish, ed. I, p. 112, tab. 

 26; Civ., Val. (Leuciscus), Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. XVII, 

 p. 45; Lillj. (Cyprinus'), Vet. Akad. Handl. 1850, p. 305; 

 Kr. (Abraynis), Danm. Fisk., vol III, p. 411; Sondev. 

 {Cyprinus), Stockh. L. Hush. Sallsk. H.indl. 1855, p. 81; 

 Nilss. {Abramis), Skand. Fn.. Fisk-., p. 331; Lloyd 

 (Cyprinus), Scand. Adv., vol. I, p. 51: Kessl. (Abra- 

 mis). Bull. Soc. Natur. .Vosc, torn. XXIX: 1 (1856), p. 

 377; Hckl, Kn., Siisswasserf. Oestr. Man., p. 113; Dyb., 

 Cypr. Livl., p. 196; Siee., Siisswasserf. Mitteleur., p. 130; 



WiDEGR. (Cyprinus), Landtbr. Akad. Tidskr. 1863, p. 203; 

 Gthr (Abramis), Cat. Brit, ^fus., Fish., vol. VII, p. 302; 

 Malm, Gbgs, Boh. Fn., p. 566; Bncke, Fisch., Fischer., 

 Fischz. 0., \V. Preuss., p. 122; MOb., Hcke, Fisch. Osts., 

 p. 116; Grimm, Fish., Hunt. Riiss. Wat., pp. 15 et 22; 

 Lillj., Sv., Nory. Fn., Fisk., vol. Ill, p. 294. 

 (Cyprinus Biorkna (nee synon.), LiN., Fn. Suec, ed. II, p. 

 130; Retz,, 1. c,, p. 3G0. 



Obs. When EKSTBtiM wrote his Morkii Fiskar and Nilsson his 

 Prodromus, they had both received from Lake Malar young Bream 

 under the name of farnar (Zope); and the parenthetic remark in 

 Artf.di's diagnosis of the Faren (Gen. Pise) that in Syn. Pise (as 

 well as in tlie diagnosis of Faren in Descr. Spec. Pise) a misprint 

 had escaped observation (27 anal rays instead of 37), was supposed 

 to be an insertion of no importance made by LlJlN.EliS. Up to the 

 present day Ekstrom's followers have therefore regarded the Cyprinus 

 Farenns of Artepi and Linn.f.us as a young Bream, But Artedi's 

 minute description of this fish plainly shows that he really referred 

 to the form still known by most of the Malar fishermen as the Faren. 

 Not only do we read in Clause 12 of this description "pinna ani . . . 

 ossiculorum triginta septem"; the measurements given by Artedi 

 (Longitude tola ad iiiitium caudae unc. 8. lin. 8; ad pinnam dorsi 

 unu. 4, lin. 8; ad pinnam ani uno. 5, lin. 3') demonstrate beyond 

 doubt that his specimen was a Faren. The following table contains 

 our measurements of Bream and Zope preserved in spirits — the di- 

 mensions given by Artedi were probably those of fresh specimens — 

 ranged in parallel columns with Artedi's measurements of the Bream 

 and Zope in Descr. Spec Pise, pp. 22 and 25. 



" Sometimes 65, according to Valenciennes. 



'' 7 — 9, according to Kroyer. 



' Whether these measurements are duodecimal (12 lines to the inch) or decimal (10 lines to the inch), I am unable to determine; 

 but the difference is of no importance to the solution of the question. For the sake of completeness I have included in the table (in paren- 

 theses) the percentages which the decimal system would involve. 



