SAI.MiiNilIlis. 



829 



In tlic structure (if tlu' o\arir,s the Salincmoiij fam- 

 ily stands almost alone among' tlie Telcosts. Only 

 among the Eels, in a New Zealand taiuilj' {Ualaxiidce) 

 and an East Indian and West African family (Notopter- 

 i(l(f), are the eiiii's deposited in tlie same manner. "^ et 

 tlie Salnionoids cannot be said to l)e eiitii'eiv destitute 

 of oviducts. Tlie true diti'erenee lictween the osaries 

 of tiiis famih' and those of most other Teleosts is that, 

 while in the latter the said organ is a closed .sac, open 

 oidv lit'liind (througli the oviduct), tlu^ outer wall of 

 whicli is I'ormc'd \)\ a fold of the iieritoneum (ineso- 

 ariina), and round the inner surface of which the ovi- 

 ferous la\cr is .set in transverse or longitudinal folds 

 (lamelhe), in the Salnionoid family this layer extends 

 oid\' o\er the outer side (the side facing the lateral wall 

 of the abdominal cavity) of the simple, pendent meso- 

 arium (peritoneal fold). Or in other words, we may 

 imagine the otherwise closed ovary (ttigetiier with the 

 oviduct) to he split throughout the length of the outer 

 side (the side facing the lateral wall of the alidoininal 

 cavity). Botli at the anterior e.xtremity of the ovary 



and :it the lowci- (\cntral) margin, iiowever, the meso- 

 arium liends towards the outer side, and liehind the ovary 

 the mesoarium is continued in the form of a simple 

 lamella, either hanging l)etween tlu; intestine and the 

 wall of the alidominal ca\ity, with the lower (ventral) 

 margin tree, or with the said margin curved upwards 

 and outwards and coalescent with the wall of the ab- 

 dominal cavity, tluis foiiuing an oviduct (abdominal 

 funnel) open even in front. These oviducts (tig. 208) 

 — one on each side; in front, but united at the extreme 

 end into a common passage behind the intestine — which 

 occur in the Smelts and Caiielins, are indeed im[ierfect 

 in comparison with those of the other Teleosts. But 

 in their anterior opening they show a remarkable ana- 

 tomical resemblance" to the correspotiding structure Ijoth 

 in the (ranoids (with the exception of Lepidosteus), 

 Sturgeons, and Cartilaginous fishes and in the higher 

 vertebrates, where the oviducts (^Miillerian ducts) are 

 separate from the ovaries and open into the abdominal 

 cavity, receiving in this orifice the ripe eggs when de- 

 tached fr(nn the ovaries. 



r.ENis SALMO. 



Mouth aniicd ivith sfroiif/ and pointed, ratJicr scattered teeth, set in ane rair on the tairer Jair, the intennaxiUaries, 

 the maxiUaries^ and the pedatine Ijones, in one or two roirs {Jnd decidiious and sometimes leanting) on the shaft of 

 the vomer, in an irregular group on the head of the vomer, in two roirs on tlie tongue. Length of the maxUlaries 

 behind the intermaxillaries as a rule 58 — 6'.3 %'', and of the lower Jan: as a rule 75 — 95 %', of that of the head 

 from the hind extremity of the intermaxiUari/ hone to the posterior margin of the preopercuhim. Xumher of rags 

 in the anal fin as a rule less than in the dorsal' and (d most 14, of whirli 7 — Id are liranehed, and the base 

 of thr anal fin shorter than that of the dorsal. Pglorie appendages well-dereloped and numerous {about 25 — dO). 

 Scales small, more than lOO in the later(d line, ndiieh is eomplete. 



In the Tertiary Pei'iod, when the Rocky Moutitains 

 rose and divided the arctic and temperate waters of 

 North .America into two regions, an eastern and a west- 

 ern, the genus Salmo was diffei'entiated in two distinct 

 direction.s of development, of which in the above dia- 

 gnosis we have taken into account only one, the Sal- 

 mons and Charr of the eastern region. The other course 

 of development ran side bv side with this — branched 



like it into Salmon and ( "h.ari but acquired a cha- 

 racter peculiar to itself in the long anal fin, with a 

 greater number of raj-s, (ISV) 17 — 19, of which 14 — 

 10 may be branched. This direction of development, 

 whether we choose to regard its forms as a genus or 

 subgenus, has received in recent times* the name of 

 Onrorhgnchus. To the European faunist it is not with- 

 out interest, for its best representative, the Quinnat 



" Cf. Rathke, Beilr. z. Gescli. 'I. Thierw., Ahth. 3. Cl/ir den Darmk-amd u»d die Zewjungsonjaiie der Fisclie, pp. 12.3 and l.OO; 

 Hi;xi.EY, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1883, p. 132; Webrr, Morpliol. Jalirb., XII, p. 360. Oviducts of the same description occur iu the Cape- 

 lin; but there only one (the left) ovary is fully developed. In Stdmo and Coreijoiutit the mesoarium passes over the rectum, forming on 

 each side thereof a short abdominal funnel (peritoneal duct). 



* In Parr and individual exceptions 43 — 53 °i or, on the otlicr hand, up to 78 'i. 



' „ „ „ „ „ 65—75 „ „ „ „ ., Ill %. 



'' Sometimes the number is the same. 



' Slxkley, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., New York 18(U, p. 312. 



