831 



b: Distance between the ventrul iins and 

 tlie tip of the snout less than half the 



length of the body Sahno aljiiim^-. 



B: Number of scales in a longitudinal row 



above the anal (in, for an extent of ' ,o 



of till' length of the body, as a rule at 



most 1!) (15—19, exceptionally 13 or 21). 



Saliiio salar. 



a: Least dejith of the tail less than 27 % 

 of the preabdominal length (the di- 

 stance between the first rays of the 

 pectoral and ventral fins) Salmo salar. 



h: Least depth of the tail more than 27 



% of the preabdominal length Saluio trnlta. 



Tlu' ii;itiir;il rehition lietweeii these forms asserts 

 itself hotli in tiieir cliiiiiges of growth and their external 

 differences of sex. These differences are most distinctly 

 reflected in tlu' characters here given for tlie said forms. 



AuTEDi, the father of modern ichthyology, on whose 

 opinions and method Linx.i-;us, his contemporary and 

 friend, in great part hased Iiis system, was born in An- 

 germanland. As a native of Northern Sweden, he was 

 uudoul)tedly well acquainted with the opinions that pre- 

 vailed at his time in this part of the country, where 

 the Salmon forius are most abundant, as to the diffe- 

 rences between them and as to their nomenclature. 

 Where he ajjplies to the Swedish Salmon forms their 

 current Swedish names, we have in the latter, beyond 

 doubt, the best possible clue to a correct under- 

 standing of his scientific views on this head. 



In Aktedi's Genera Pisciiim we find the following 

 Salmons enumerated. 



1 ; Salmo rostro ultra inferiorem maxillam ssepe prominente, in Swe- 

 dish, Lax and Blankla.r. 



2: Salmo maculis ciiiereis, caudit extreme sequali, in Swedish, 

 , Gralnx. 



3: Salmo Intus; maculis rubris nigrisque. cauda a>r|nali, in Swedisli, 

 Laxoring^ Boriing etc. 



4: Salmo Cauda bifurca; maculis solum nigris, sulcu longiUidinali in 

 ventre = Salmo lacustiis, auctt., from the Lakes of Geneva and 

 Garda. 



5: Salmo maxilla inferiore paullo longiore, maculis rubris, in Swe- 

 dish, Forell, Slenbit, Rofisk, Backro etc. 



6: Salmo oblongns duabus dentium lineis in palato. maculis tan- 

 tummodo nigris ^ the Hacli of the Danube. 



7: Salmo pede minor, quinque dentium ordiuibus in palato = a con- 

 fusion, originating with Wili.ughby, of Salmo carpio. auctt., from 

 Lake Garda, with the Gilt Chan; an English form. 



8: Salmo vix pedalis; pinnis ventris rubris, maxilla inferiore paullo 

 longiore = Lapplands-Rodingen. 



9: Salmo lineis lateralibus sursum recurvis, cauda bifurca = Salmo 

 umbla, auctt., from the Lake of Geneva. 

 10: Salmo jiedalis; maxilla superiore longiore = Salmo salvelinus, 

 auctt., from the Lake of Geneva. 



In Aktedi's Si/iiomjmia Nonimmn Fisciitm the Sal- 

 mons are given in the following order: 



1 ^ 1 in Genera Piscium 



2 = 2, 



3 = ."j „ „ „ , =: Trutta, auctt. 



4 == 7 „ „ „ 



5 = 3 „ „ „ 



6: Salmo dorso fulvo: maculis luteis, cauda bifurcata = <S'a/mo sal- 

 marhms, auctt., from Trent (the Tyrol) 



7 = in Genera Piscium 



8 = 6 „ 



9 = 4 „ „ „ 



10 = 8 „ „ „ . here with the Swedish names of liotele 



and R.nling. 



11 = io„ 



12, Salmo minor, vulgari (1) similis. 



In the Descriptiones Specientrn I'iscium, ijkos rii-os 

 pr(vsertim disseeult et examinarit etc., from which title, as 

 well as from Lixx.kus's preface, it appears that Artedi 

 there included all the species which he had personally been 

 able to examine, we find only five sjjecies of the genus: 



1 =^ 1 in Genera Piscinm. 



2=12 in Sijnonymia Nominnm Piscium, is here explained as a young 

 Salmon, though often more than 12 inches (i. e. about 30 cm.) 

 long, bearing the name of Laxunge at Elfkarleby, and differing 

 from the Blanhlax only in tlie comparatively larger and blunter 

 head, the denser black spots, and the slight bifurcation of tlie 

 caudal fin. 



3 ^ 3 in Genera Piscium. 



^^'llcn LiNNyEUs framed on this foundation his 



scheme of the Swedish Salmons, he adopted in his 



Fauna Suecica (1746) the following: 



Sp. 300 = No. 1 in Art., Gen. Piscium. 



„ 307 = ., 2 „ „ „ „ , with the remark: ''It oc- 



curs in company with tlie preceding form, and I should 

 scarcely consider it to be speciiically distinct therefrom". 



,, 308 = No. 3 in Art., Gen. Pise, according to the synonymy, but 

 with a new diagnosis: Salmo maculis nigris brunneo cin- 

 ctis: pinna pectorali punctis sex, and with the Swedish 

 name of Laxiiring altered to Orlax. 



,, 309 = No. 5 in Art., Gen. Pine, but with tlie word paullo 

 omitted from the diagnosis, and with tlie addition of tlie 

 Swedish name of Laxoring. 



„ 310 = No. 8 in Art.. Gen. Pise. 



Now GisLEK tells us in a series of papers (in the 

 Transactions of the Swedish Academy of Science for 

 17.51 and 1752) which are well worth reading even at 

 the present day, that the BlatiMa.t was called Grdla.v in 

 Norrland, "when it had spent itself in the rivers and had 

 become quite lean and gray, with a long hook at the 

 tip of the lower jaw, especially in the males, after the 

 flesh had wasted away", (tisleu, it is true, recognised 

 only three Norrland species, namely 



1 Spec. Lax, 



2 ,, Laxorhif), 



3 ,, Stoihit etc. 



105 



