SALMONS AM) CIlAKliS. 



^!41 



straiiiht l);ick tu the vciit; and in tlie iiiistci'iur jiart of 

 the intostiiic nr the reclum, wliich is usiuilh' sdmcwiiMt 

 wider than the anterior part tiiereof, the mucous nieni- 

 hrane is raised on the inner surface, at least in old 

 snecinu'iis, in the shape of transN'erse rings, iiere and 

 tiiere united like tlie thread of a screw, instead of the 

 longitudinal folds wiiieii it forms in tlie antei'ior part 

 of the intestinal canal from the lesophagus. The li\er 

 is almost one-lobed, the riglit iol)e being extremely 

 little developed. Tlie place of the latter is occupied 

 by a rather large gall-l)ladder. the discharging duct of 

 which ojiens into tlie duodenum at the beginning of 

 tlie pyloric ap]jendages. Before the spawning the spleen 

 is rather large and sometimes extends from the bottom 

 of the stomach lieyond the insertions of the ventral tins; 

 but aftei- tiie maturation of the generati\e organs it 

 shrinks considerabl}', and does not begin again to in- 

 crease, until its functions are laid under contribution 

 at the commencement of the above-mentioned trans- 

 formation of fat and flesh into material for tlie deve- 

 lopment of the sexual organs (cf. Miescher-Ruusch, 

 1. c). flic ovaries, as mentioned above, show the pe- 

 culiarit\" that tlle^• are witiunit special oviducts, the ripe 



eggs failing into the aiidimiinal ca\ity, whence tliey are 

 expressed through the genital ajierture behind the vent. 

 The testes, on the contrary, are furnisiied as usual 

 with vasa deferentia. The air-bladder, wdiich is simple 

 and long, extends throughout the length of the al)- 

 dominal cavity, and the pneumatic duct opens on the 

 dorsal side of the (esophagus. Still more elongated are 

 the kidne\s. which ])enetrate behind into the Ineinal 

 canal of the tail. 



The ancient Greeks ha\'e not l)e((ueatlie(l to us any 

 name for the LSalmon, which does not occur as a ma- 

 rine form in Mediterranean regions; Init according to 

 Apostolides" the Ti'out inhabits most of the rivers in 

 Greece, and bears among the modern Greeks the name 

 of niaTQOifii''. Salmo'' is of classical Latin origin and 

 occurs in Pliny''. Among the fishes of the Moselle 

 AusoNius enumerates Salar (the Parr), Salnio, and 

 "the form that ranks between them", Fario' (the Trout). 

 Such is the explanation given by Figulus (1540) of 

 these names. Trutta belongs to medieval Latin'. Umhla 

 is a Latinized form of the French Ombre or Umble. 

 Salvehntfs has arisen in the same manner from the 

 German SaliiiHiif/ or SdlJtUiK/. 



THE CHARR (sw, uOdingenj. 

 SALMO UMBLA. 



Plnte XXXVII, tig. 1 (d^) and 2 (?). 



Scales exceedingly small, their number in a longitudinal row above the lateral line just in front of the ])erpendi- 

 cular from the beginning of the dorsal fin and extending along '/j,, of the length of the body at least 25 {as a 

 rule 27 — 34^), and in a row of similar length above the lateral line behind the perpendicular from the beginning 

 of the anal p'n at least 21 {as a rule 23 — 30, sometimes 33). Sides of the body marked with more or less 

 disti)irf and light, red sjiots on the darker ground-colour, but no black spots behind' the head. 



R. br. (9)10-12(13—14); D. 

 1 ,. 1(2) 



:; A. 



11— U 7—8(9) 



Crt 190—240: Vert. 62—63' 



8—10(11—12)' "■ 7—9(10)' 

 • + 1 + 17 + 1 +.r; ::>ev. squ. lat.'' 



Si/n. Umbre ct Umble, Belon, Nat., Die. Poiss., pp. 280 et 281 : 

 Salmo Lemani lacns sive Umbla, Rondel., Pise. Lacustr., 

 p. 160. Salmo liueis lateralibus sursum recurvis, Cauda 

 bifurea. Art., Ichthyol., Gen., p. 18; Sy7i.. p. 25; Salmo 

 vix pcdalis, pinnis ventris riibris. maxilla hiferioro pniill<' 



" Ia> Peche en Grece, p. 33. 



* 7titQ0(fttQ) — phps. answenug to tlic- Scand. stenbit and riir, wlikh denote tlie preference of tlie Trout and Cliarr for stony bottoms. 



' From salire, to leap. 



'' Hist. Nat., lib. IX, cap. 18. 



' Another, perhaps better reading is Sario, a derivative from the same root as salai' and sabno. 



■' Derived from the Latin trudere, to thrust, force; a fish which forces its way against the stream. 



■' 18 — 20 scales on an extent answering to ", of the length of the head, as NiLSSON expresses this character; 16 — 20, according 

 to LiLLJEBORG. 



'' Counted above the lateral line; in the lateral line itself about 12.5 — 145 (Day). 



' Sometimes 65, according to F.4TI0, sometimes 59 (in the Windermere Charr), according to D.\\, or 58 (in var. //iioiatilis), accord- 

 ing to Fatio. 



