842 



SCANDINAVIAN FISHES. 



longiore, Id., ibid., ct Spec, p. 52. Salmo doreo nigro, 

 lateribus cferuleis, ventre fulvo, LiN., Fn. Suec, ed. I, p. 

 117. Rodimj, Lin., /(. Wgoth., p. 257. 



Salmo umbla, LiN., Sijst. Nat., ed. X, torn. I, p. 310; Penn., 

 Brit. Zool. (1776), vol. Ill, p. 267; .\gass., Rep. Brit. 

 Assoc. Edinb. 1834, p. 617; Yakr, Brit. Fish., ed. 2, vol. 

 II, p. 121; Agass., Poiss. d'eau douce, tab. IX — XI; Thomps., 

 Nat. Hist. Irel, vol. IV, p. 160; White, Cat. Brit. Fish., 

 p. 78; Smitt, Riksm. Salmon., Vet.-Akad. Handl., Bd. 21 

 (1885), No. 8, p. 163; Fatio (Salvelinus), Fn. Vert. Suisse, 

 vol. V, p. 395. 



Salmo eri/tlir(Eus, Pall., Zooijr. Ross, Asiat., torn. Ill, p. 349. 



Salmones salvelini, (= Salmo ventricosiis + S. carbonariiis (ex 

 Str6m) + S. alpinus (ex Lin.) + S. pallidas + S. salvelinus 

 (ex Lln.) + S. rutilus), Nilss., Prodr. Ichthyol. Scand., p. 

 7 ; — unam specieni omnes bas varietates censuit in Skand. 

 Fn., Fisk., p. 422. 



Salmo alpinus, Mgrn, Finl. Fiskfn., (disp. Helsingf. 1863), 

 p. 56: WiDEGR., Landbr. Aknd. Tidskr. 1863, pp. 201 et 

 209; Morn, 6fvers. Vet.-Akad. Forb. 1864, p. 534; Coll., 

 Forb. Vid. Selsk., Cbrnia 1874, Tillsegsh., p. 160; ibid. 

 1879, No. 1, p. 86; Malm, Gbgs, Boh. Fn., p. 540; Smitt, 

 Ofvers. Vet.-Akad. Forb. 1882, No. 8, p. 33; Mela, Vert. 

 Fenn., p. 343; Day, Fish. Ot. Brit., Irel, vol. II, p. 112; 

 Brit. Salm., p. 237; Trybom, laktt. Fisk. Ume-Lappm., 

 Nord. Aarsskr. Fisk. 1883, p. 300; Reuter, Sundm., Finl. 

 Fisk., tab. V; Lillj., Sv., Norg. Fn., Fisk., vol. II, p. 598. 

 a: Var. Salmo salvelinus (Vetterns Roding, NiLSs. — Storrodingen, 

 Lillj.), cujvs pinn;e ventrales pone mediam longitudinem 

 corporis sitiE sunt. 



Syn. Salvelin Gerraanis, Ray, Syn. Meth. Pise, p. 64; Salmo 

 pedalis maxilla superiore longiore. Art., Ichthyol., Gen., p. 

 13; Syn., p. 26. 



Salmo Salvelinus, Lin., Syst. Nat., ed. X, torn. I, p. 309; 

 (-1- S. Salmarinus, p. 310); Bl., Fisch. Deutschl., pt. Ill, 

 p. 149, tab. XCIX (+ S. umbla, p. 154, tab. CI); Cuv., 

 Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss. torn. XXI, p. 246 (-1- <S. umbla, 

 p. 233); Nilss., Skand. Fn., Fisk., p. 422; Hokl, Kr, 

 Siissicasserf. Ostr. Mon., p. 280 {+ S. umbla, p. 285); 

 SiEB., Sussrvasserf. Mitteleur., p. 280; Canestr., Fna D''Ital., 

 pt. Ill, Pesci, p. 23; Lillj., 1. c, p. 599. 



Salmo umbla, JuR., Hist. Poiss. L. Lem., Mem. Soc. Pliys., 

 D'Hist. Nat. Geneve, torn. Ill, pt. 1, p. 179, tab. V; Rapp, 

 Fisch. Bodens., p. 32, tab. V; JIor., Hist. Nat. Poiss. Fr., 

 tom. Ill, p. 530. 

 b: Var. Salmo alpinus {Vermlands och Lapplands Roding, NiLSS. 

 — Smdrodingen, Lillj.), cujus pinnae ventrales ante mediam 

 longitudinem corporis sita; sunt. 



Syn. Salmo alpinus, Lm., Syst., 1. c.; Asoan., Icon. Rer. 

 Nat., cab. 2, p. 7, tab. XVIII; LiESTADius, Journ. Lappm., 

 Forts., p. 75; Cuv., Val., 1. c, p. 249; Nilss., Skand. 

 Fn., Fisk., p. 426 (-1- S. carbonarius, p. 429 -I- «S'. rutilus, 

 p. 430); NystrOm, laktt. Fn. Jemtl. Vattendr. (disp. Up- 

 sala 1863), p. 11; Olsson, Ofvers. Vet.-Akad. Forh. 1876, 

 No. 3, p. 14; ibid. 1882, No. 10, p. 50; Lillj., 1. r, 

 p. 609. 



The Charr, which is, gfiierally speaking, the siiiiill- 

 est Scandinavian Sdlmo, still attains a fair size even in 

 our fauna. It sometimes reaches, at least in Lake 

 Wetter, a length of nearly 7\., dm. and a weight of 

 about 8'., kilo". Trybom was told at Lake Stor-Uman 

 in Urae Lappmark that in 1878 a Charr had been 

 taken there which weighed TVa kilo., and that it often 

 runs to 4 kilo, in the same lake, though its usual 

 weight is 1 ',3 — 2 kilo. In many parts of Sweden a 

 Charr 1 foot long (3 dm.) or 1' , lbs. in weight (()"7 

 kilo.) is considered quite an average-sized fish, and in 

 many lakes it does not attain even these dimensions. 



The body shows in young and middle-.sized Charr 

 the most handsome and be.st proportion{>d piscine type, 

 a terete and regular fusiform shape, so little compressed 

 that the greatest thickness is about half the greatest 

 height, which lies a little in front of the dorsal fin 

 proper, and is contained about 5 times, or in young 

 specimens even more than 6 times, in the length of 

 the body. With age, however, both the relative depth 

 and the lateral compression as a rule increase — the 

 former most, as usual, in gravid females, the latter in 

 spent fish — and in our largest Charr the depth some- 

 times rises to 29 % of the entire length or 31 % of 

 the length to the base of the caudal fin\ while the 

 greatest thickness of such specimens is only "/^ of the 

 said depth'. During these modifications the .sides of 

 the body become almost flat and parallel, converging 

 gradually and in a very elongated curve towards the 

 base of the caudal fin. The differences, however, seem 

 sometimes to depend on local circumstances: "We find 

 the species," says Thompson (Yarrell, 1. c, p. 123), 

 "to be in one lake herring-like, and in another approx- 

 imating the roundness of an eel". But both forms 

 sometimes occur in the same lake (see Nystkom, 1. c). 

 The least depth measures about 7 or 8 ^ — in the Sadb- 

 ling sometimes nearly 6 %, in the Northern Charr 

 sometimes nearly 9 % — of the length of the body, or 

 in the former about 28 — 30 %, in the latter about 

 34—39 %, of the length of the head. 



The head shares in the above alteration of tlie 

 body, growing more compressed in old specimens, and 

 actiuiriiig a longer, more pointed snout; but above it 



" In tbe East States of Nortb America tliere lives a Cbarr, Salmo Niimnycush, wbicb according to Brown-Goode {Fisherii 

 Fishery-Industries of the Un. States, sect. 1, p. 486) attains a weigbt of 120 lbs. (54-43 kilo.). 



' According to Fatio the greatest deptb may rise to 46'/2 % of tlie length to the base of the caudal fin. 

 '■ .\ccording to Fatio tbe greatest thickness may sink in very old specimens to '/, of the greatest depth. 



