845 



lio-hter coloration, pale ,y'i'ay on the siik's, light orange; 

 on the bt'lly; and when the Charr go out to sea, as 

 mentioned above, their sides adopt the silvery lustre 

 of the .Salmon, on which ground the red spots are 

 hardly discernible, and sometimes, at least in tlie great 

 lakes, the ventral side is ahiKJst wiiite. 



These forms, as well as the Salmons, wear a Parr 

 dress during youth, most nearly resembling the pali; 

 coloration just mentioned, but distinguished on the 

 sides of the body by about 13 — 15 transverse bands 

 of the darker dorsiU e-olour, rounded below. 



In coloration European Charr generally differ from 

 American, which are most often, but by no means 

 constantly, marked on the back and the dorsal and 

 caudal fins with vermiculate transverse spots and stripes. 



In Scandinavia and the rest of Europe to the south, 

 the Charr strictly belong to the mountain lakes, and 

 hardh' ever take up tlieir abode in running water". 

 Ill the .Vrctic regions — south to Xortiiern Helgeland 

 in Norway'' — they are marine fishes which, like the 

 Salmons, ascend the rivers to spawn. In Lapland they 

 rank among the most common and most important 

 fishes, and the form wiiich occurs there goes south in 

 the interior to Dalsland, Bohuslan, and Wester Goth- 

 land"'. But their range does not extend so high in the 

 moinitain tracts as that of the Trout**, with which they 

 are often confounded, and they are probably not found 

 above the birch-region". Whether the above-mentioned 

 large Charr that are met with in the greatest lakes of 

 Lapland, preserve the form-characters of the Northern 

 Charr, is unkncjwn to us. The (jther large Scandina- 

 vian form lias its true and best known haunts in Lake 

 Wetter, but is also met with to the north at least in 

 Lakes Storsjo and Hemsjo (Jemtland). East of Lake 

 Wetter Boheman found the Charr in 1836 in Lake 

 ()ren. According to Nilsson and Wideoren the Chan- 

 inhabits Lake Soraraen in Oster Gothland, but further 

 south in Sweden it is unknown. Strange to say, it is 

 wanting in Lake Wener, as well as in Lakes Millar 



and lljelniar. It evidently ])ref'ers clear lakes with 

 water of a low temperature — tlumgii as yet we have 

 not sufficient observations on this head to state a fixed 

 mimber of degrees — , and the singular features in its 

 geographical range — for instance, its occurrence in 

 certain lakes, and absence in others situated near them 

 and ap|iarently of the same nature — cannot be ex- 

 plained uiitil we Jiave trustworthy information as to the 

 temperature of our lakes and the food which they offer 

 the Charr. That its aversion to turbid water is not 

 unconquei-able, we see on the coast of Spitzbergen, 

 where Charr are most plentiful off the mouths oH clayey 

 glacial rivers. But it is undeniable that water of a 

 high temperature, wiiether it be in the sea into which 

 the river inhabited by the Charr flows, or in lakes on 

 the lower course of the stream, stops tht; progress of 

 the ("harr like a dam'. 



.\ccording to the reports sent in to the Swedish 

 Fisheries Commission of 1881 — 83 the Charr is want- 

 ing in the (Tovernments of Stockholm, Upsala, Soder- 

 manland, Kronoberg, Kalmar, Gothland, Blekinge, Kri- 

 stianstad, Malmohus, and Halland. In addition to Lake 

 Wener, the lower and southern districts of Sweden, 

 generally speaking, are thus without its geographical 

 range. It does not enter the Baltic, and is at least 

 rare in the lowlands on the Gulf of Bothnia. In the 

 valley of the Tornea Elf, for example, it does not de- 

 scend below Juckasjai'vi. 



In Norway the Charr is common, according to 

 CoLLETT, in the lakes within the Government of Bergen, 

 less common in the Government of Trondhjem, and 

 occurs only in a few lakes within the (iovernment of 

 Christiania. Lilljeborg found it often" in the moun- 

 tain lakes of Central Norway, where it is commonly 

 called Ede. The pale-bellied individuals are known as 

 Blekroe. Its manner of life in the north of Norway 

 and off the coast has already been noticed. Its habits 

 are similar on the Murman Coast and in Finnish Lapp- 

 mark; but its strict range in Fiidand is confined, ac- 



" In this respect llie European Cbarr is soniewliat different from the true Salmons; but in Nortli America a distinction is drawn be- 

 tween two varieties of Charr, the Lake Trout (Sabno namai/cush), which attains a greater size than our Charr, but 1ms the same habits, and 

 the firook or Speckled Trout (S. fontinalis), which does indeed occur in lakes, but commonly spawns in streams. 



* COLLETT, 1879, 1. C. 



■-' Lake Nedsjo in Bollebygd Huudred, sec Malm. 1. c. 

 '' Olsson, 1. c. 

 ' Nilsson, Skand. Fn., 1. c. 



•'■ "South of New York they are effectually land-locked by the prevailing high temperature of the lowland streams, and are never able 

 to gain access to salt or brackish water". Brown-Goode, The Fisherien and Fishery Industries o/ the United States, Sect. I, p. 502. 

 ^ dfvers. Vet.-Akad. Forh. 1844, p. 213. 



