876 



SCA.NDIXAVIAN FISHE.S. 



THE CAPELIN (mv. luiii>an). 

 MAI.LUTI'S \-ILLOSUS. 



Plalr- Xr,I, Hgs. 2 (o^) mid ?, (?). 



Milters mid spmvners n-idely differevt, the former iritli the Inn/f/i ,,/ flu- i^ectorat fitis iimre than ].', % of that 

 of the hodi/, irith the aii(d Jxise, ivhich is elevated ih ai/ (irciiate riirre liei/orid the ventral line, more than 1(1 % 

 of the length of the liodi/ ai/d jiericjtfililii f/re(der than the /ei/(/th of the head reduced, ai/d also iritli the scales 

 in a loai/ifadiiial roa- ahore the lateral line aad in another (dong each side of the helli/ jirnlongated and pointed 

 or at least distinetli/ larger tlian the scales on the rest of the hodg. 



R. br. 8 — 10"; D. 



(2)3 



10—13' 



(16)17—20' ' 15-19(20)' 



V. 



7 



siipn 

 Sun. 



pillTI. 



+ 1 + 17 + 1 + :e: L. Int. ca 200; L. 

 vc-iilr.; Verl. (57—70''. 



Anchovas et Capelinas, Parkhurst in Hakluyts Voyage.^ 1598 

 —1600, vol. Ill, p. 133; Egede, Gronl N. Perlustr., p. 

 50; Str6m, Sondm. Beskriv., part. I, p. 293; Leem, 

 Besk-r. Fiiim. Lapp., p. 323; Olaks., Reis. hi., part. I, 

 p. 358, tab. XXVm. Aiiiimarset. Cranz, Hi.«t. Gronl. 

 (ed. suec. 1769), part. I, p. 124. Capehin de I'Amerique 

 septentrionale. Dun., Pectie.'<, part. II, p. 149, tab. XXVI, 

 figg. 1—8. 



Salmo Eperlanus, Mull., Zool. Dan. Prodr., p. 48 (e.x StrOm). 



Uliipea villosa, Mijll., ibid., p. 50 (ex Olafs.); Vahl, Rathke 

 (tSahno) in MOll., Zool. Dan., part. IV, p. 45, tab. CLX; 

 Faber, Fisch. hi., p. 174; Richards. \_Salmo (Mallotns) ex 

 Cuv.] Fna Bor. Amer., part. Ill, p. 187; Gaim. (Mallotus), 

 Vol/, hi., Groenh, tab. 18, fig. 1; Cuv., Val., Hist. Nat. 

 Poiss., vol. XXI, p. 392, tab. 622 et 623; Mgrn, Finl. 

 Fiskfna (disp. Helsingf.), p. 66; Gthr, Vat. Brit. Miis., Fish., 

 vol. VI, p. 170; Coll., Forh. Vid. Selsk. Cliri.ia 1874, Til- 

 Isegsh., p. 163; ibid. 1879, No. 1, p. 86; N. Mag. Naturv. 

 Chrnia, Bd. 29 (1884), p. 106; Mela, Vert. Fenn., p. 345, 

 tab. X; Joed., Gilb., Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 16, p. 

 291; Storm, Norsk. Vid. Selsk. Skr., Trondhj. 1883, p. 28; 

 Br. Goode, Fischer., Fischer. -Industr. U. S., sect. I, p. 544, 

 tab. 201; Smitt, Riksm. Salmonid., p. 189; Lill.i., Sv., 

 Norg. Fna, Fisk., vol. II, p. 646. 



Salmo arctictis, Fabr., Fn. Gronl. p. 177; Nilss. (Osmerns), 

 Prodr. Ichthyol. S'cand., p. 11; Kr. (Alallotus) in Gaim., 

 Voy. Scand., Lappon., cett., tab. 16, tig. 1; Id., Damn. 

 Fisk., vol. Ill, p. 23 ; Nilss. (,Osmeriis), Skand. Fna. Fisk., 

 p. 441. 



Salmo groenlandicus, Bl., Katnrg. Ausland. Fiscli., pt. VIII, 

 p. 99, tab. CCCLXXXI, lig. 1 ; t:uv. (Mallotn.9), Rigne 

 Anim.. ed. 2, torn. II, p. 306. 



Salmo socialis, Pall., Zoogr. Ross. A.yiat., toni. Ill, p. 389, 



Osmervs microdon, Cuv., Val., Hist. \at. Poiss., vol. XXI. 

 p. 385, tab. 621. 



The male Capelin i.s as a rule not more than 19 

 in length to the end of the caudiil lohes, and the 



female not more than 17 cm.; Init LiLL.jEiima: mentions 

 male.s of a length of '2'2 cm., and female.s of a lemrtli 

 of IS cm. According to the method in which our 

 measurements are here taken, frcjm tlie articular knohs 

 of the maxillaries to tiie end of the middle caudal 

 rays, the lengtli of tlie body in our specimens does 

 not exceed 17\o cm. for tlie mnles or 16 cm. for the 

 females. 



Tile gi'eat difference lietween the sexes, wliidi i.s 

 so characteristic of the genus that we haxc included it 

 in the aliove diagnosis — no other character is neces- 

 sary, only one species of the genus being kno^vn — 

 appears in the very form of the body. The Capelin is 

 elongated and, in contradistinction to the Smelt, as a 

 rule of nioi'e uniform deptli and more comjiressecL In 

 the aelult males we have found tlie greatest deptli, at 

 the beginning of the dorsal fin, to \ary l)etween about 

 14 and 15% of the length of tlie body, and tlie great- 

 est thickness, which is fairly uniform above the lateral 

 line from the shoulder-girdle to the end of tiie true 

 dorsal tin, between 7\l.-, and 8^4 % of the same. In 

 the adult females the corresponding percentages have 

 varied from 11 to IH and from .") to 8 respectively. 

 In the males the greatest thickness has varied between 

 53 and (1O %, in the females lietween 43 and 62 %, of 

 the greatest depth. The least depth of the body shows 

 on an average the same .sexual difference, being in the 

 females about ii %. in the males about 5' ., %, of the 

 lengtli of tlie body. The dorsal edge is broadlv con- 

 vex, and the dorsal profile almost straight from the 

 very occiput', not beginning to descend toAvards the 

 base of the caudal fin until past the dorsal fin proper. 

 Below the lateral line the sides gradually converge 



" Sometimes up to 11, according to Keoyer. 



'' Sometimes 65, according to Keoyek. 



.' In all our frcsb, Imt dead specimens there appeared in the median line of the back, just behind tlie bead, a conifircssed swelling 



to a callosity of the central sinew in the nuisciilns gracilis, whore the latter broadens towards its point of attachment on the occiput. 



I 



