SCANDINAVIAN FISIIRS. 



seas, with llicir wimIiIi of St hh/i/xnid. Iliiprrhhi', and 

 (!o))(_'li()d(t, the iiiultitiuliiKJiis inimitc iiniiiials collectively 

 known liy the Norwegians as Kiil. It often seems, 

 however, as Fabiucius remarked, to live on its own 

 'roe as soon as deposited; even in the females we have 

 found the stomach crammed with e^^gs similar to those 

 dropped from the oviduct and still left in the aljdo- 

 minal cavity". 



In the (Glacial cla\- the t'apelin occurs'' in the 

 same way as Gadns saidd (see abo\e); but the ma- 

 trices are usually still more characteristic, folloAving in 

 their outer contours the shape of the Capelin, and still 

 commoner. The}' are found in scattered localities 

 throughout Norway, from the e.Ktreme north to the 



neighliourhood of (,'hristiania, sometimes 20U feet, if 

 not more, alcove the level of tlie sea. 



A tish of such economical importance has, of course, 

 received many names from the fishermen, who in their 

 undiscriminating interest imagine that they increase 

 our knowledge of the species by distinguishing between 

 a number of forms. From Finmark Sparre-Schneider' 

 (Numerates the Lodde, Vaslodde, Harlodde, Fjordlodde, 

 BlankJodde, etc. From olden times different names have 

 been given to the sexes; and even in 1882 Sparre- 

 ScHNEiDEK found it impossible to convince the fisher- 

 men that the male and the female belong to the same 

 species. The male has been known as the Jernlodde" and 

 Facksdodde' , the female most commonly as the Sildelodde. 



Genus THYMALLUS. 



Teeth 'in fl/c month scattered ami snudt, set in a sin(/le roir on the internia.rillaries, the inaritlaries, and in the 

 Iniver Jaw, in a smalt card on the head nf the vomer, in two rows on the anterior part of the palatines, disappearimj 

 with atjp. on the tonijne, cardiform on the phanjnueats. Length of the ma.rillaries .-18 — 4S %, and of the lower 

 Jan- <Hi — 7'} %-\ of that of the head reduced. Length of the base of the dorsal fin more than 1.5 % of that of 

 the liodji and greater than that of the head reduced. Pyloric appendages well-developed and numerous (about 

 ^0 — .5^'). Scales middle-sized, less than lOO" {75 — !>■'!} in the lateral line, irhich is complete. 



The (jrayling gemis, Thi/niallus, occupies, as we 

 hclxe already mentioned, in many respects a remark- 



stronger teeth, persistent on the tongue, smaller (more 

 numerous) scales, and a shorter dorsal fin (with at 



able intermediate position between the Salmons and j most 14 rays). Apart from this genus, and also cx- 



the (n\'3'niatls. But in the transition to the Salmons 

 there is another connecting-link, the genus Brachi/- 

 mystax'', which in comparison with llii/mallus, has 



eluding Oncorhynchus from the comparison, the said 

 intermediate position of the (Jraylings is best expressed 

 bv the followins: relations: 



" Poaitivel}' to deteniiiiif tlie species uf eggs cuDtainfil in tlie stomachs of specimens tliat liave lain for years in spirits, is a task 

 we will not nriilertake; but the resemblance to the eggs of tlie Capelin itself is striking. 



'' M. Sars: Fos.<. Dyrd. Qvartierpcr. Univ. Progr. Chrnia 1864, p. 25. Collett, Olar. Mergelb. frn Bejeren, Troniso Mus. 

 Aarsb. III. 



■•■ Zool. lagtta;/. fr. Varda, Thomso Mns. Aarsb. 1882, p. 23. 



'' Really Jaiiodde or Jadrlodde, i. c. Edged Capelin, from Jadar, .Jar, or .Jar (e. g. in .J,Trleren), Engl, edder, Sw. gjcirde. 



' Old Norwegian Fax, mane, fringe. 



.'' Exceptionally (in young specimens) Tti %.' 



» Thijmallus grubei, var. baicaUnsis, according to DviiOWSKi (Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, Bd. .XXIV (1874), p. 301), bas 92—108 

 scales in the lateral line. 



'' Gthr, Cat. Brit. .)/((.v., Fish., vol. VI, p. 162. To this genus should probably be referred both the Siberian Snlmo coregonoides, 

 Pall, and the Dalmatian Thi/malliis mirrolepi.x, Stei.nd. (= .Salmo ohtmiroi^tris. var. oxyrtiijnchu.x, Steind.). Both these species, however, 

 instinctively suggest the possibility of hybridism — the former = 'J'hipnallus + trutta, the Uiier = Tliytnnlhis + Jiiwi'ifitis. Cf. Smitt: Rihm. 

 Salmon., p. 199, not. 4. 



