884 



SCANDIXAVIAN FISHES. 



THE GRAYLING (sw. harren;. 

 TIIYMALLUS VULGARIS. 



Plate XLII, fig. 1. 



Nmnher of (jill-rakeys on fJw ir/iole of flic first liranchial arch more than ^/", on the lower purt of the arch 

 more than 13''. Leuf/th of the head more tlian (>l % of the preahdominal tenf/fh. Length of the snout more than 

 24 % of that of the head or than 32 % of that of the head reduced, and the breadth of the snout more than 

 74 % of the li'iifith of the mnxlUaries. Least depth of the tail less than 42 % of the length of the head or than 



57 % of the length of the head reduced. 



-16 

 (1)1 



(= 1^ 



(11)13 — 10(16) 



(9)10—11 



10- 



+ 1 + 17 + 1 



Lhi. lat. (65)74 — 93; Lin. tr. -1 (supra pinn. ventr.); Vert. 61''. 



^'i/7i. Qiftallog, vElian., De nat. anim., lib. XIV, cap. XXII; Tlnj- 

 malliis, Belon, Nat., Divers. Poiss., p. 276; + TJmhre de 

 riviere, ibid., p. 280; T'hi/mus, Rondel., De pise, fliiv., p. 187 

 + Umbra flumatilis, ibid., p. 172; Gesn., De Aquat., pp. 

 978 et 1032; Willughe., Hist. Pise., pp. 187 et 188. Core- 

 ijonns maxilla superiore longiore, pinna dorsi ossiciilorum vi- 

 ginti friiim, Art., lelithi/ol., Gen. Pise., p. 10; S'l/n. Pisi\. 

 p. 20; Descr. Spec. Pise., p. 41; Lin., Fna Siiec., ed. I, 

 p. 119. Triitta, No. 15, Ki.eix, Hist. J'i.n-. A'at., Miss. V, 

 p. 21, tab. IV, fig. 5. 



Siihno {Uoregonns) Tliymallus, Lin., .'Syst. Nat., ed. X, toin. I, 

 p. 311; Bl., Fisch. Deutschl, part. I, p. 158, tab. XXIV; 

 Retz., Fna Snee. Lin., p. 349; Coucii. (Coret/oniis), Hist. 

 Fisfi. Brit. Is!., vol. IV, p. 280. 



Tliymallus vulgaris, NlLSS.. Prodr. lehtliyol. iScand., p. 13; 

 Yarr., Brit. Fish., ed. 2, vol. II, p. 136; Kr., Damn. 

 Fisk., vol. Ill, p. 35; Lloyd, Seandinav. Advent, p. 127; 

 NiLSS., Shand. Fna, Fisk., p. 447 ; Wdgrn, Landtbr.-Akad. 

 Handl. 1858, pp. 180 et 207; Sieb., Susswasserf. Mitteleur., 

 p. 267; Mgbn, Finl. Fisk/na, (disp. Helsingf.), p. 64; Nystr., 

 laktt. Fnan Jemtl. vattendr. (disp. Ups. 1863), p. 15; Wdgrn, 

 Landtbr.-Akad. Tiiiskr. 1863, pp. 202 et 203; Gthr, Cat. 

 Brit. Mus., Fish.,, vol. VI, p. 200; Canestr., Fna Ital., 

 Pesci, p. 23; Lunel, ///.s-^ Nat. Poiss. Bass. Le'm., p. 120, 

 tab. XIII; Coll., Vid.-Selsk. Forh., Climia 1874, Tillsgsh., 

 p. 171; ibid. 1879, No. 1, p. 91; Olss., Vet.-Akad. Ofvers. 

 1876, No. 3, p. 135; 1882, No. 10, p. 50; Fedders., Nat. 

 Tidskr., Kbhvn, ser. 3, vol. XII, p. 78; MoR., Hi.9t. A'oi. 

 Poiss. Fr., torn. Ill, p. 543; Bncke, Fiseh., Fischer., Fischz. 

 0., W. Preuss., p. 153; Mela, Vert. Fenn., p. 345, tab. X; 

 MflR., HcKE, Fiseh. Osts., p. 129; Day, Fish. Gt. Brit., Irel., 

 vol. II, p. 131, tab. CXXIV; Norb., ffandl. Fiskev., Fiskafv., 

 p. 400, fig. 120; Smitt, Riksm. Salmon., Vet.-Akad. Handl., 



Bd. 21, No. 8, p. 198; LiLi.J., Sc, Norg. Fisk., vol. U. 



p. 664; Mela, Sundm., Fint. Fisk., tab. XXV. 

 Thymallus vexillifer, Agass., Poiss. d'eau douce, tab. XVI, 



XVII, XVII '; Cuv., Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. XXI, p. 



438; Hckl., Kn., Siisswasserf. Oesterr. Mon., p. 242; Fatio, 



Fne Vert. Suisse, vol. V, p. 286. 

 Thymallus gymnothnrax, Cuv., Val., I. c, p. 445, tab. 625; 



Gthr, Jahresb. Ver. Vaterl. Naturk. Wiirlernb., Jalirg. IX 



(1853), p. 341; Rapp, ibid., Jalirg. X, p. 161. 

 Thymallus gymnogaster, Cuv., Val., 1. c. p. 446, tab. 626 



+ Thym. ^liani, p. 447. 



The (Trayliiig attains in Sweden a length of o or 

 t) dm. and a weight, at least in ordinary cases, of at 

 most 2 kilo." The form of the body is fairly elongated 

 and compressed. The greatest depth, which occurs at 

 the beginning of the true dorsal tin, is about ^'j (18 

 — 21 ?a), but sometimes more than '/^ (2(5 %), of the 

 length of the Ijodj', and the greatest thickness in old 

 specimens is about 46 % of the said depth; but during 

 youth, at a length of ^/^ dm., when the dark transverse 

 bands are still present, tjie liody is more terete, the 

 greatest thickness being about 56 ?& of the greatest 

 depth. The least depth, just in front of the caudal tin, 

 is about 6 — T'/- % (seldom 8 %) of the length of tlie 

 body. The dorsal and ventral profiles are as a rule 

 fairly similar to each other, the back rising from the shal- 

 low (seen from the side, pointed) snout to the beginning 

 of the dorsal fin in a curve e(iual to that in which the 

 ventral profile descends for the same distance, and be- 

 hind tliis point the depth of the body decreases with 

 fair uniformity. But when the ventral muscles are 

 powerfully contracted, it often happens that the anterior 



" In young specimens 21 or 20. 



^ In young ppecimens 12. 



' 9 — 11, according to Lilljeboeu. 



'^ 60, according to Kroyee. 



* From the Governments of Westernorrland, Jemtland, and Westerbottcn it was indeed reported to the Fislieries Commission of 1881 — 

 83 that the Grayling there attains a weight of 8 — 10 Sw. lbs. (3' , — 4*/, kilo.); but the greatest lengtli adduced at the same time. V'l Sw 

 ft. (5 dm.), seems hardly to admit of such a weight, except perhaps in the case of gravid females. 



