WIiriK-SALMON. 



8811 



;in(l siii.'ill lislic's, in sliort iiciu-l\- all llic animal liiV ort'ered 

 it li\ till' water when' it lives, enter into its diet : and 

 ill its greedy haste it swallows leaves and lir-coiies that 

 fall into the water, inistn-kiiif;' them for insects. It seems 

 to he esiiei'ialh' ]iartia,l to eaddis-worms (the lar\':e ot 

 Stone-flies), the euxeriniis of which are liciierallv to he 

 found in its stomach. ISiit moUusks ;ire .also one of its 

 favourite foods: in ;i male ."i,5 cm. h^ng the stomaeh was 

 full of entire shells, an inch long, of pond-snails (Limtuva). 

 Fishes of the Minnow's size fall a |)re\' to the full-grown 

 Grayling. <!ra\ling large and small are besides roe- 

 eaters. When the ."salmons siiawn, they keep watch, 

 and feed on the o\ a : hnt in re(piilal thc\' are h.arassed 

 bv the .Salmons, in whose maw man\- a (ir.-nling has 

 perished, 'fhis proliai)l\ exjilains how, where food is 

 plentiful, <!ra\liiig and Trout can thrive in com|)aiiv, 

 hut where food is scari'c, the former must gi\(' wav. 

 As till' habits of the Graxliiig in essential i-espects 

 resemble those of the Trout, the same fishing methods 

 are used for them both. The (iraAling, like the Trout, 

 readily takes a fl\', and in many jjlaces gives the flv-tisher 

 good sport; but owing to its weak jaws a certain amount 

 of care is necessar\- not to tear the hook out and lose 

 the tish. Less fastidious anglers use a bait of worms 

 and small fishes, for example Minnows. But the (jrav- 



ling is taken most commonU' and in the greatest quan- 

 tity with net and seine. 



The flesh of the Grayling has always been held in 

 esteem. It is white, of good flavour, and easy of di- 

 gestion, suitable for evcni weak sttjuiachs. il is there- 

 fore set higher even than that of the .'^.•ilmon. "FJii 

 Acscli ist ciii /iheiii(/r(if\ c'lii Snlm isl c'ni JJfir," is an 

 old s;i\ing to be fiund in (Jksn'kk. The Grayling is 

 l)est in anttuiin .and winter, worst, of course, just after 

 the S|)awning. Not only its flesh has enjoyed a, good 

 reputation; in ancient medicine its fit {dh-iini Acsrhi(r) 

 was widelv employc(l. When the fish is in good con- 

 dition, the whole intestinal caii.al is endieddeil in rich 

 fit, and the oil extracted from this has been used espe- 

 ciallv in eve and ear diseases and to cure cutaneous 

 di-seases and burns. Linnjou.s states that the Lapps 

 em|)loy the gastric juice of the Grayling in the prepara- 

 tion of cheese, to curdle the reindeer milk, simi>lv laying 

 the whole intestinal canal in the milk. 



15esides Haspa, a name which ma\' perhaps be 

 explained b\ the use of Asj) ;imong the Swedish fisher- 

 men both h)r large (-vprinoids and large Gwyniad- 

 fishes, Xii.ssON and Lili-jkboui; mention from Lake 

 Wetter Val. and from Xorrkoping (Jrcral, as names 

 applied to the common Grayling. 



Before pi'oceediug to the (iwxniads. we ma\ brieflv ] near to tlic limits of our fiuna, 

 mention a genus \vliose geogra])liical range a])proaches been f luuil in .'^candina\ia. 



ouuh it has not \et 



Gems STENODUS. 



Teeth sDKill 11)1(1 disappearing rlitri)/// i/yoirfh, hut at first set i)i tiro <tr three roirs on the i)tferma.iillaries and in 

 the (inti-ri(n- part of the prominent lon-er j'air, in a <(trd on the tonf/ne, and in a dense, eontinnoas, fn-o-arnied card 

 on the anterior jxirt of the pa tide (the head of the romer and the front of the p(d<dine }n)nes). Length of tlir 

 maxillaries about 50 — 43 %, and of the lower jaa- about 7S — 70 %, of that of the head reduced. Breadtli of tin- 

 snout across the articular knobs of the maxillaries about e//ual to that of the interorbital space, which is about ' ., 

 {less than :23 %) (f the length of the head. Ilase of the dors(d fin as a rale somen-lnd shorter than that of the 

 anal and less than 13 % of the length of the body, hut more tliati ' ,, of fhr length of the head reduced. Pglori< 

 appendages vell-dereloped. Scales middle-sized, cd>ouf tXl — III) in the later<d line, n-hich is complete. 



This genus occaipies an especialh' I'cmarkable in- nions, does not correspond in its characters to the Scan- 



leruiediate ])osition between the .^melt and \'endace dina\ ian \ endaecs until it has attained a size tar 



grou|>s. in external ajipearance it so closeh' I'csembles greater th;in th.at reached by them. In the structure 



the laltei- th.-it the confusion between tliem which has of the \entral tins Stenodus is ;ii)i)roximated to Argen- 



inade its ^\a^■ into litt'rature is easily explainable. But tina, the outermost ray, wliieh in the rest of the fa- 



Stenodus. wliich becomes as lari^e as the largest Sn\- u\\\v appears mereh as a more or less rudimentary 



