894 



SCANDINAVIAN l-ISHKS. 



^''•■■'-'■' '^nXW-''-'''-- ^■To^3)t=^^^^«(^^«^ 



(1)1 



(12)13 — 15(17) 



C. I + 1 + 17 + 1 + 



8('.'), 



f.in. hit. (70)75- 9n(<)4); L. tr. --_ \\ Vevl. 58». 



.S//». Miiri-iiii, ScHONEV., khih. Slesv. IfoU:, p. 41) (vide Kr., Daiim. 

 Fisk., v<il. Ill, p. 93). Vaiuleshis, Sibb., Scot. III., pt. 2, 

 lib. Ill, p. 26. Corefjomis edentulus, maxilla inferiore lon- 

 giore, Art.. Iclitlii/ul., (ii'ii.. p. !1. .S////., p. 18 (excl. synoD.), 

 Spec, p. 40: Lin., Fii. Succ, etl. I, p. 110. Anims-vimma, 

 LiN., //. (!'</««/(. , ]i. -'31. Coi-er/. spec. II. Gisi.ER, Vct.- 

 Akad. Haiidl. 17.53. p. IHO. 



Salmo Alhiihi, LiN., S;/H. Xat.. ed. X. turn. 1, p. 310; Ketz., 

 Fn. Suei:. Lin., p. 34i); Bi.., ScHN., Sijst. Ichtliyol., p. ill ; 

 Pali.., Zooyr. Ro.ss. Asiat., torn. Ill, p. 413; NiLSS. {Core- 

 goniis), Prodf. Ichthyol. Scand., p. 17; Ekstr., Vet.-Akad. 

 Handl. 1834, p. 16; Cuv., V.4L., HiH. Nat. Poiss., vol. XXI, 

 p. 520, tab. 633; Lloyd, Scand. Advent., vol. I, p. 135; 

 NiLSS., Skaiid. Fn.. FiA., p. 465; Sundev., Stockli. L. Husii.- 

 SSUsk. Haiidl.. H. C. (1855), p. 81; Wgbx, Landtbr.-Akad. 

 Hand]., vol. 18 (1858J, pp. 180 et 200; Ip., 6fvers. Vet.- 

 Akad. Forh. 1862, p. 591, tab. IX. fig. 1 ; Id., Landtbr.-Akad. 

 Tidskr. 1863, pp. 201, 203, 211: Sieb., Susswasserf. Mittel- 

 em:, p. 265; MoRN, Finl. Fiskfn., p. 54; Gthe, Cat. Brit. 

 Mus., Fish., vol. VI, p. 192; Coll., Vid. Selsk. Forb. Chrnia 

 1874, Tillfegsh., p. 170: ibid., 1879. No. 1, p. 91; Olss., 

 Ofvers. Vet.-Akad. Forli. 1876, No. 3, \k 138; Malm (Argy- 

 rosomus), Gbgs, Boh. Fn.. p. 547; Fedders. {Coregonus), 

 Naturli. Tidskr. Kbhvn. ser. 3, vol. XII, p. 80; Bncke, Fisch., 

 Fischer., Finchz. 0., W. Preuss., p. 152; Mela, Vert. Fenn., 

 p. 352, tab. X; M6b., Hcke, Fisch. Oils., p. 133; Tryb,, 

 Nord. Aarsskr. Fisk., 1 Aarg. (1883), p. 295; Norb., Handl. 

 Fiskev., Fiskafo., p. 407; Reut., Sundm., Finl. Fisk., tab. 

 VI; Smitt, Vet.-Akad. Handl., Bd. 21 (1886), No. 8, p. 212, 

 cett.; Lillj., So., Norg. Fi.<'k.. vol. II, p. 706. 



Salmo Vimba, Lin., Syst. \. c, p. 311; Ketz., 1. c., p. 350; 

 ASCAN., Icon. Rer. Nat., cab. IV, tab. XXIX; NiLSS. {Core- 

 gonus), Prodr.. 1. c.; Cuv.. Val., 1. c, p. 514, tab. 632; NiLSS., 

 Skand. Fn., F,sk., p. 462; Gthk, I.e., p. 193; SaiTT, I. c. 



Salmo Manrmilii. Bl., Fi.<clu' Deiitgchl.. pi. I. p. 176, tab. 

 XXVIII, fig. 3; Jard., Edinb. Journ. Nat., Geog. Sc., vol. Ill, 

 p. 4, tab. 1; .Jen., Man. Brit. Vert. Anim., p. 432. 



Coregonus chipeoides, Nilss., Prodr.. p. 18; Skand. Fn., Fisk., 

 p. 467. 



Coregonus vandesivs. Rich., Fh. Bor. .Avur., pt. Ill, p. 213; 

 Gthr, Cat., 1. c., p. 194. 



Coregonus Willughbii, Jaud., IHnstr. Scot, ^ulm., tab. 6: Yabr., 

 Brit. Fish., ed. 2, vol. II, p. 146. 



Coregonus brevis, Maklin, Ofvers. Finsk. Vet.-Soc. Forli., vol. XI 

 (1868—69), p. 19. 



The Scandinavian Vendace is usually a small fish, 

 in most cases of the Bleak's or the Baltic Herring's .size, 

 seldom as large as the oceanic Herring, and attaining a 

 maximum length of about 3 dm. But in other places, as 

 in some of the North (iermaii lakes, it grows to a length 

 of at least S^', dm. In form and in coloration it re- 

 minds us both of tlie lileak and the Herring. The body 



is fusif(jrni but conqiresscd, in tlie ti'iie ^'endace — and 

 among our forms most in the Wetter form — elongated 

 as in a Bleak, witli the greatest depth, at the beginning 

 of the dorsal fin, about 19 % of the length, but in the 

 slkr'imma'' as a rule deeper, witli the greatest depth 

 sometimes 24 "</ of tlie length, in the fi inner the great- 

 est thickness of tlie body is alinut " .,, in the latter 

 alioiit ^ ;, of the greatest de])tli; but gravid females of 

 the former approach the proportions of the latter. The 

 dorsal and ventral margins arc bi'ii;idly convex or even 

 flat, the former being the l)roader, hut for some dis- 

 tance immediately in front of the dorsal fin somewhat 

 sharpened to a failltl^• marked cariiKi. The upjier and 

 lower contours are similarly arched, excejit in gravid 

 females, where the ventral profile, as usual, is more 

 sharply cur\e(l in the abdominal region. The average 

 least depth of the tail in tlie true N'endace is al)oiit 

 6'., % of the length of the body, 31 % of that of tlie 

 head, 42 % of that of the head reduced, or 60 % of that 

 of tlie lower jaw. In the .•^ikriniiiiii tliese averages are 

 respectively 7' ., %, :>7 %, 41) %, and Ih %. 



The head is pointed, soinewliat more compressed 

 than tlie abdominal region, especially below, across the 

 lower jaw, the cheeks thus converging distinctly in a 

 downward direction. The frontal profile at first forms 

 an unln-oken continuation of the dorsal arch, Init be- 

 comes straighter, owing to a slight depression above 

 the eves. The inferior ]irofile of the head is somewhat 

 more sharplv curved. The length of the head is about 

 V-, of that of the body, but varies partly with age, 

 the oldest specimens having, as usual, comparatively 

 the smallest head, partly in inverse proportion to the 

 depth of the body, the sikvimma, ^vhich has the deepest 

 l)od\-, having the smallest head. The variations run 

 between 2o and 18 % of the length of the body. The 

 same rule applies to the variations in the length of 

 the head reduced, which run lietweeii 17' o and 13 % 

 of the length of the body. The decrease in the aver- 

 ages during gro\vth, a decrease Avhich is generally 

 uniform, is also expressed in the difi'erenc-e of form 

 given ;ib(ive Itetween aUnilii and r'lmha: and though 

 this difference is not tpiite constant, it may still be 

 emploved as a character in the great majority of cases, 

 if attention be paid to the age of t!ie fish. The eyes 

 are furnished, as in most of the Thrissomorphs, with a 

 well-developed, adipose membrane, suri'ounding the 



" 56 — 58, according to GCnther. 



'' Sikvimma = Gwyniad-Z.'irtlie, Siktnja 



