911 



l'/^„-_) nun. ill diameter, in the larger fefsikar as 

 raucli as .'! mill. At first they are highly sensitive, 

 especially to warmth: wlieii the einl)ryo is hair-(h'\clo]K'(l, 

 they !ire easier ot transportation. In water ot a tem- 

 perature varying from December to April In'twcen 

 + 1° and + '^° ('. (04° and 41° Faiik.), the fry are not 

 hatclicd and capable of swinuning until .") niontlis after 

 the (lepositiiin of the ova. Just after their liateliing 

 Gwi,iiiad fV\' are ;i mm. long, when a fortniglit old, 

 11 or 12 mm., at tlic age of one niontli, 1.') mm., and 

 when tliree months old, about .".() mm. (Xokback). In 

 the following ^■(^•ll• the \'oung measure aliout 12 — 17 rin. 

 From Ills examination of Amerieau (_i\v\iiia(ls Mii.NKu" 

 deduced the following results: 



In tlie largest Kwvniad this result pretty nearly cor- 

 respond to Nohback's calculation for Scandinavian Gwy- 

 niads, that on an average each female Gwyuiad has 

 7,000 — 8,000 eggs to each Swedisli pound'' of her 

 own weight. 



The (iwvniad does not yield to the Salmon as a 

 food-fisli. Ill manv [>arts of Sweden, especially in Norr- 

 land, it is more important to the fisherman. It is 

 taken principally with net and seine, but also on long- 

 lines, and at the spawning-places the leister is em- 

 plu\ed. Tlie small Gwyniads of Lake Wetter that 

 fre(|uent tlie shallower parts of the lake are netted 

 with the so-called strdnot {= strewing seine, but really 

 a net, being without pocket), which is plied in the 

 same way as the trammel-net'', with a beater, but 

 without any outer net. One end is made fast by 

 the shore or on a shoal, and the fisherman rows the 

 other end of the net in a spiral with manv curves, 



one witiiiii another. In the Gulf of Bothnia (>wy- 

 niads are trapped in large ri/ssjor, with mouths and 

 hoops a fatliom wide and with a land arm some- 

 times a tlioiisand feet long, e.Ktending out from the 

 sliore to deep water e\'en wliere the beach is shelving. 

 On the Swedish coast these traps are called Finnish 

 stdrr/fssjor. from the country where they were first 

 used, and the\' are considered to be the most effective 

 engines of all, for not oiih Gwyniads, but also everv 

 other kind of lish, rspeeialK' Salmon — and sometimes 

 a seal or two — cuter into the catch. But their use 

 readily becomes ,aii abuse, if tlie\' close ciiannels, or 

 are set at the moiitlis of rivers to bar the jjassage of 

 the ascending fish. In Lake Wener the long-line is 

 also employed: it may be baited with worms, shellfish, 

 or small Ganimaroids. But in the Lake of Constance 

 Gwvniads take a hook baited ^vitll nothing but ;i black 

 horse-hair, which is bent so as to have some slight 

 resemblance to a fly. When fishing for Gwyniad, how- 

 ever, the angler should be cautions, for the fish struggles 

 violentlv to escape, and often tears its mouth loose 

 from the hook. 



In flavfjur the large fefsik may be mistaken for 

 Salmon, if boiled fresh and served with suitable sauce. 

 Smoked fctsik too is a dainty food. The large hldsik 

 is also excellent eating — tlu; miiksKn in particular — 

 and the Lake Ring Gwyniad, small as it is, is com- 

 mended for its fine flavour; but it will not bear keeping. 

 Salted (xwvniad is common in the markets of Xorrland, 

 and in this form or dried the (xwyniad is an important 

 winter food among the Lapps. 



The Gwyniad fisherman suft'ers greatly from the 

 depredations of the seal, which appears, says Ekstko.m, 

 to be highlv partial to the flesh of this fish. "The is- 

 lander often finds his nets strijiped by the seal, and 

 considers that he has got oft' cheaply, if the nets are left 

 whole. When once the seal has found a net, and been 

 allowed to make a good meal there, it often repeats the 

 visit, and unless the net lie removed, it comes every 

 nin-ht without fail for its share of the fisherman's take." 



See Biiow.N-GooDE, 1. c, p. 519. 

 A Sweilish pound is about 15 oz. 

 See above, p. 741, note a. 



Scandinariiin Fishe. 



