944 



SCANDINAVIAX FISHES. 



its hind margin is witliout the deep, narrow incision, 

 though according to Kroykk's figure of this species the 

 incision is sometimes present in tiie lateral scales. On 

 the head the scales advance over at least the greater 

 ])ai't of the interorbital space, and large scales, as we 

 have mentioned above, cover the whole opercular appa- 

 ratus. On the ])Osterior, exjtanded pai't of each maxil- 

 lar\" lies an ()l)lii|iielv lingiiifdrni scale (triangular with 

 rounded corners), entirely co\ i-ring this i)art; and the 

 bases both of the pectoral and ventral fins are covered 

 with several scales. 



The true lumiiions spots are comparatively small 

 and have a yellowish lustre. The hind margin of the 

 preoperculum, at the limit between the operculum and 

 subo])erculuui, is furnished with a luminous spot, and 

 exactly below this jioint, at the U])[)er anterior angle 

 of the interoperrulum lies another. Through each branch 

 of the lower jaw there shine three sjiots. On each of 

 the clavicles tiiere are two spnts. < hie spot is situated 

 at the lower angle of tlie insertion of each pectoral fin. 

 From the istlunus to the ventral fins there runs on each 

 side of the ventral margin a I'ow of five sjjots. Between 

 the insertion of tiie -sentral fins and the beginning of 

 the anal fin this row is continued ]>\ fViur spots, and 

 along each side of the base of the anal fin b\' seven 

 more. Between the anal and caudal fins, which part is 

 damaged in our specimen, both Kkoyer and Collett 

 found six spots in a I'ow on each side of the ventral 

 margin. An u|)]>er row on each side of the body, in 

 the abdominal region and on a level witii tlie spot at 

 the base of the ])ectoral fin, contains three spots, all 

 belonging to the row of scales next below the lateral 

 line, the foremost of them situated at the end of the 

 prea-bdominal regi(jn, the other two in the posterior ]);irt 

 of the postabdominal region. On each side of the tail 

 tliere also runs a row of three spots, but this lies liigher 

 up, each spot lieing situated on the lower part of a 

 scale in the lateral line, the first sjiot above the S]>aee 

 between the first [>air in the row along the base of the 

 aual fin, the second in a, similar relation to the last 

 pair in the said row, and the third at the extreme end 

 of the peduncle of the tail. At the dorsal margin of 

 the tail, just in front of the upper supi)orting rays of 



b2. ami Lendenkelp, Deep A'tn Fixli., CI 



the caudal fin, traces appear in our specimen of a large, 

 composite, luminous spot, Leydig's T'erlfleck or Ferl- 

 f/idin'r Fleck". At the middle of the interorbital sjiace 

 lies a spot (an epiphyseal bodv or a parietal organ?), 

 which in Sropclus JRissol'', a nearly related Mediterranean 

 form, has even more of the appearance of a luminous spot. 



The coloration of the body, accoi'ding to Kroyer, 

 is of a brownish green or an olive hue on the back, of 

 a brassy lustre on the sides (with a bright golden lustre, 

 according to Gray"), of a darker olive-green under the 

 lielh". The cavity of the mouth and the branchial ca- 

 vity, as well as the peritoneum, are black. 



The internal organs have been descrilied by Kroveh. 

 The liver is short but thick, with three lobes, the left 

 one being the largest; the gall-bladder is small. The 

 oesophagus is short but wide, the stomach small Init 

 somewhat saccate. Behind the pylorus hang 8 rather 

 large ciecal appendages. Tiie intestine is straight but 

 rather wide. The saccate air-bladder extends about half- 

 way along the abdominal cavity, and is connected by its 

 pneumatic duct with tlie a'sophagus. The generative 

 organs lie as usual in the posterior half of the abdo- 

 minal cavity, and have complete efferent ducts. 



The Ai'ctic Scopelus has long been known in the 

 Scandinavian fauna, but is still rarer than the preceding 

 .species. In 1774 a specimen was taken by Strom at 

 Sondmor; but since that occasion only 3 specimens have 

 been met with, to the best of our knowledge, on the 

 coast of Norway, and not a single specimen has ever 

 been found on tlie Swedish or the Danish ciiast. One 

 of the said 3 specimens — the very specimen which h;is 

 been kindly lent us from the Museum of Bergen — was 

 taken by Governor Christie about 1830, probably in 

 Hardanger Fjord; the second was sent from Haswig, 

 near Hammerfest, to Christiania Museum by Mr. Bull; 

 and the third was found by the Norwegian North At- 

 lantic Expedition in June, 1876, floating at the surface 

 on the fishing-bank of Storegg off Aalesund. The spe- 

 cies would seem to be commoner on the coast of Green- 

 land, from which locality the Museum of Copenhagen 

 has received several specimens, both from the nortjiern 

 and flic more southern colonies, and in the Arctic Ocean, 

 where the Norwegian North Atlantic Fxiiedition took it 



Expeit., p. 302, The dcrsMl orgnns 



" See Die Augenahnlifhe Onjfvie dcr Fixrlie, p. 

 or "stern-chasers" of Scopehis. 



' Tliis species is siinilnr to Mi/rtnpliiiiii glaciale in most respects; hut tlic form of tlie body is still more slmrtenerl, especially as re- 

 gards tlie tail, the body thus hein,a: relatively deeper, and the liead larger, wliile the above-mentioned luminous spots belonging to tlie scales 

 in the caudal part of the lateral line are wanting. 



' See Day, 1. c. 



