901 



Drift-net take, Dec. 20th, 1880, in 

 Seine take, Dec. 21st, 1880, 

 Drift-net take. .Inn. 3rd, 1881, „ 



„ ,, .Inn. rnli, „ 



Seine tukc, .. ,, ,, 



„ Dec. lolh. 1S80, ut Otti 



Koster Fjord 



the Sknger Rack, off Koster 



Koster Fjord 



;r6, off Giebbestad 



specimens 

 inensured. 



Averages. 



n * . 1 *!. (Jreatcst cir- 



1 ,1. *■ .L Greatest depth 



Length of the , ,, , , ' . cumferencc o. 



, J ° 1 of the body in, , , , . , 



bodv expressed' , , ,, , • ..ithe body, m ^ 



' ,^ ol the length , ,, ; ' ./" 



Ill mm. .. ,, I r "f the length 



oi llic body. ,. ,, 1 , 



ol the body. 



314 



280 

 315 

 299 

 259 



284 



Here it appears distinctly that the drift-net takes liowevcr, that has been .set fortli most clearly and 



(from deeper water) and the seine takes (made close 

 in shore) differ from each other in the same way as 

 tiic Fat Hcrrinu' from the Gray-boned Herring and 

 the Kivik Herring from the Stromining. 



It is the difference between the Ocean Herring 

 {oce(insiUe)i) and the Baltic Herring (sirommhificn), 



most reasonably, ever since Linx.els ado]itcd the 

 latter as a separate variety. The relations that obtain 

 between these forms, I have endeavoured to deduce; 

 by another method from measurements and tables of 

 averaoes". 



Averages in Herrings from 



The Baltic. Bohusli 



Number of speriinei 

 Length of the body 



10 

 240.9 



3 

 200.7 



1. Lensth of the head . 



of the length of the body 



Height of the dorsal tin 



Distance bet\yecii the dorsal tin a 



tip of the snout 



Length of the pectoral tins 



Preabdominal length 



Distance between the ventral tins i 



tip of the snout 



Length of the ventral fins 



Postabdomiual length 



il fin a 



id the 



Distance between the 



tip of the snout „ 



Height of the anal fin „ 



Length of the middle caudal rays „ 



., .. ., pectoral fins in % of the pn 



ibdominal length. 



21.7 

 10.2 

 13.0 

 11.0 



48.9 

 15.5 

 31.2 



52.2 



9.8 



20.8 



4.9 

 .50.0 



20.6 



9.3 



12.1 



10.3 



48.8 



14.8 

 31.9 



52.2 



9.3 

 21.9 



73. c 



4.9 

 4.G 



46.G 



20.5 



9.2 



12.1 



48.8 



14.3 



32.7 



52.9 

 9.1 



21.9 



73.7 



4.9 

 4.2 



44.0 



20.3 



9.2 



12.0 



9.9 



49.7 



14.5 



36.0 

 53.7 



8.8 



22.7 



74.5 

 4.0 

 3.C 



42.6 



20.3 



9.3 

 12.1 

 10. 1 



48.3 

 14.6 



33.4 

 53.2 



8.8 



22.0 

 73.7 



4.8 

 3.9 



43.8 



11.9 

 9.7 



51.0 



14.4 



38.7 



4.4 

 3.4 

 41.6 



Here the averages run with very great uniformitv, 

 falling or ri.«iing with age; and the form-series thus ar- 

 rived at in the first four columns is controlled by the 

 last four columns, which contain the alterations of growth 

 in the youngest and the oldest among these i-aces, the 

 former consisting of Fat Herrings (matjes) from Sta- 

 vanger, the latter of Scotch Herrings from Peterhead. 

 Such an unbroken continuity in the form-series — if we 



choose to regard the Herring-races as separate forms — 

 and such a parallelism in the alterations of growth could . 

 hardly be traced, were there no genetic affinity between 

 all the above Herring-forms, from the Baltic and the 

 west coast of Sweden, from Norway and Scotland. Thus, 

 it appears, we can scarcely find any ground ^\^hatever 

 for the assumption of a form-distinction or even of a 

 racial difference. We see, however, that in the relations 



" These measurements deviate in two respects from tlie preceding ones: tlie dimensions measured from the snout have been taken from 

 the articular knobs of the maxillaries, and the length of the bodj' has been measured to the end of the middle candnl rays. The percen- 

 tages are consequently different from those already given, which can have no effect, ho\yever, upon the ultimate results. 



