HEHHlNli-FISHES. 



;)79 



THE PILCHARD OR SARDINE. 



CLUPEA PILCIIAKDUS. 



Fig. 240. 



Leii(/tli (if the muxUUiries at most about 40 "> of that of tlif head. Louffitudinal diameter of the eyes at least 

 about 60 %, least depth of the tail at least aJjoiif SO %, leiititli of the suhoperctdum at the suture with the oper- 

 culum at least about 55 %, of the length of the maullai les. Scales comparatirelij large, their number in a lon- 

 gUudinal row on the •iides of the bodg at most about HO. 



/M: 



Fig. 240. Cbijiea pilchardus from Bohuslan. S. Loven, 18C1. 



of the naturiil size. 



H. br. 7"; D. 



14 — 1 

 ,f + 1 + 1 7 + 1 + 



(17—18); .1. 



-(17—18*); P. 



L. h,t. 28—30; L. fi: 



16 

 8—10; Vert. 



50—53. 



Syn. Sardines ou Celerin.^, Belon, Nat., Div. Potss., p. ll!7. 

 Hareiigas minor sive Pilchdrdiis, Willoghb., Hist. Pise, p. 

 223, tab. P, 1, fig. 1. 

 Ctupea Pilcliardiis, Walb., Ichtlii/ol. Art., pt. Ill (^Gen. Pise), 

 p. 38 (varictatem Vlttpea: harengi dixit); Bl., Naturg. Ausl. 

 Fisch., pt. IX, p. 40, tab. CCCCVI; Yark., Hist. Brit. 

 Fish., eil. 1. vol. II, p. nC; Cuv., Val. {Alansa), Hist. 

 Nat. Poiss., vol. XX, p. 445, tab. i505; Xilss. {Vlupea), 

 Skand. Fna, Fisk., p. 522; Kr., Tidskr. Fisic. Kbhvii, 

 Aarg. 2 (1868), p. 71; Steind., Stzber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 

 LVII, I (1868), p. 738; Gthr, Vat. Brit. Mus., Fisli., vol. 

 VII, p. 439; Coll., Forh. Vid. Sols. Chrnia 1874, TilL-egsh., 

 p. 104; Ceherstr., Ofs'ers. Vet. Akod. Forli. 1876, No. 4, 

 p. 6G; 1879, No. 2, p. 62; Malm, Gbgs, Boh. Fna, p. 

 585; Day, Fish. Gt. Brit., Irel., vol. II, p. 224, tab. 

 CXXXIX. fig. 1; Bncke {Alosa), Handb. Fischz., Fischer. 

 (M. V. II. Bouxe), p. 170; Lii.L.i. {Clnpea). Sv., Norg. 

 Fisk., vol. Ill, p. 106. 



Cliipeii siiriiltiis, BufNN., fchthi/ol. .}fassil., p. 82. 



Clnpea sardina, Cuv., Regne Anim., ed. 2, torn. II, p. 319 

 (+ 01. pilchardus, ibid.); MoR. (Alosc), Hist. Nat. Poiss. 

 Fr., torn. Ill, p. 458. 



The Pilchni'd i.s a more terete tisli tliaii the Her- 

 ring, but is otherwise similar in form. It is inferior 

 to the Herring in size; but in this respect a distinction 

 lias long been maintained between two f(5rms, the Me- 

 diterranean, which is the smaller, being about as large 

 as the lotf-sill (small Herring) of Bohuslilii or the com- 

 mon Stockholm Stromining, and which is known by 

 preference ;\s the Sardine, and the Atlantic Pilchard, 

 which attains, according to CoENisir', a length of at 

 least 3 dm., according to Dunn'', of 3"._, dm., including 

 the whole caudal fin. In Sweden onl}- adult specimens 

 have been met with, the largest measuring 285 mm. 

 in length (Malm), the smallest 218 mm. 



° 6 — 8, accoriling to Day. 



' 19 — 21, according to GCnther; 21. according to Lilljeboro 



' Zoologist, 1879, p. 62. 



■' In Day. 1. c. p. 230. 



