1000 



SCANDINAVIAN FISHES. 



palatines {jil), where the anterior exti-emity of the 

 niaxillaries has its articulation; while the posterior part 

 of the intermaxillarics is inserted under the anterior 

 extremity of the niaxillaries. In addition to the above- 

 mentioned covering-bones the ethmoidal cartilage has a 

 further ossification at each anterior outer corner, an- 

 swering to the true ethmoid bone (et), which forms 

 the prominence wJiere tlie anterior extremity of each 

 palatine bone has its niol)ile articulation. The hind 

 extremity of the palatine is joined ;is usual liy a firm 



a firm suture to the anterior margin of the quadrate 

 bone (qii), wliile the upper arm sends out above the 

 bend an ascending process which is linked by a mobile, 

 cartilaginous articulation to the lateral ethmoid {c.tl, 

 prefontai bone). Tlie articulations of the hyomandi- 

 buhii' with the under surface of the squamosal bone 

 (squ) ;ind with the upper posterior angle of the petrosal 

 (2)fr), ^\•hich there meets the latter bone, have already 

 been mentioned. The whole apparatus of the upper 

 jaw, the palate, and the suspensory apparatus of the lower 



suture to and covered by the geniculate pterygoid bone ] jaw are thus capable both of lateral and up^vard disten- 

 (pt), the lower arm of which is applied and united by I sion, the lower jaw simultaneously expanding, for 



?^ii%«^\ ^'" 







Fig. 253. Bones of the liend in a Pike. ' ,, tlic natural size. A, from the riglit; B, the skull, seen from beliiml; 6', the head, seen from 

 above; /), the skull, seen from tlie riglit; E, the skull, seen from below; F, the upper jaw, palate, and suspensory apparatus of the lower 



jaw, right side, seen from without; G, the lower jaw. 



alsp, alisphenoid; art. artieular part of the lower jaw; de, dental part of tlie lower jaw; cpt, entopterygoid; et, elhnuiid; eh-r, tip of (lie 

 cartilaginous part of the ethmoid; eti, lateral ethmoid; />, frontal; fni, part of the frontal bones that projects above the ethmoidal cartilage; 

 ftr, exit of the iierms trigeminus; lim, hyomandibular; hiiia, anterior articular process of the hyomandibular; /»«;;, hyomandibulor articular 

 process, with the end of which the operculum articulates; iop, interoperculum ; j, supplementary (jugal) bone of the maxillary; mb, tip of the 

 lower jaw; mpt, metapterygoid; ml, mastoid; mx, maxillary; ocb, basilar part of the occipital; ocl, lateral part of the occipital; ocs, squa- 

 mosal part of the occipital; op, operculum; jmr, parietal; pi, palatine; pmx, intermaxillary; pob, preorbital, the foremost bone in the sub- 

 orbital ring; pop, preopercnlum; psp, parasphenoid; pt, pterygoid; ptmp, post-temporal; ptp, ascending process of the pterygoid; ptr, petro- 

 sal; 7M, quadrate; sd, supraclavicula; sob, hindmost (fifth) bone in the suborbital ring; sop, suboperculum; spet 1 and 2, supraethmoids; 

 spho, postfrontal bone; spl, os symplecticum ; spo, supraorbital; squ, squamosal part of the temporal bone; st, tfty]oUl (opistlioticiim); yom, head 



of the vomer; vomp, shaft of the vomer. 



