PAFILIO III., IV., V. 



From a brood of larviB, at Coalburgh, 1875, the first chrysalis formed July 1st, 

 the last July Stli ; the first butterfly emerged July 2.3(1 ; others appeared at 

 intervals till August 11th. Of fifty chrysalids twenty-seven gave butterflies that 

 season, and the remainder not till the following spring. Duration of the chrys- 

 alis period in summer about twenty days. From a brood of larvte, 1884, the 

 first chrysalis formed 29tli .September, the last 4th October, and all of them will 

 hibernate. (I have re-written, in 1884, as this Volume is about to close, the de- 

 scription of TiirnHi^ larva which accompanied Plate III., issued 1877, in order to 

 make a direct comparison of each stage with a corresponding one of Butulus ; 

 and on Plate XIII. have figured several stages of these two species side by 

 side. ) 



Ttirnns inhabits all sections of the United States from the Atlantic to the 

 Kocky Mountains, and from Maine to Florida and Texas. A few individuals were 

 seen by Mr. Mead in Colorado, Intt the species there begins to be replaced by 

 Rutuliis, which occupies the remainder of the country to the Pacific. It in- 

 habits also British America, and Newfoundland. I formerly received several 

 examples from Mrs. Christina Ross, taken at Fort Simpson, and others from the 

 late Robert Kennicott, taken at Fort Youcon, both about lat. 65°. Mr. Scudder, 

 " Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.," XII., p. 44, mentions the receipt of a large num- 

 ber from Lieut. W. H. Dall, "taken c;irly in June, on the Upper Youcon, from 

 Nulato to Fort Youcon, where the species is said to be common." There is a 

 great difference in size between these individuals from tlie far north (Plate V., 

 Fig. 1) and the usual type in the southern States, the former being small, with 

 narrow borders and slight stripes rather than bands. Some from the White 

 Mountains scarcely differ in both respects from those taken in Aliaska. In the 

 Catskills the prevailing form is intermediate. Where the species is double- 

 brooded, as a rule, the butterflies emerging from over-wintering clirysalids are 

 smaller and with narrower bands than are those of the summer brood. 



The larvte feed on the leaves of a great variety of trees, — apple, quince, 

 thorn, plum, cherry, birch, basswood, ash, and, according to Mr. Scudder, on 

 alder and oak ; also, according to Mr. Akhurst, on sassafras and catalpa. But in 

 my neighborhood, its preference is decided for the tulip-tree, Liriodendron tulipi- 

 fera, usually miscalled " poplar " at the south and west, and I have never found 

 it here on any other tree. In Ontario, according to Mr. Saunders, it chiefly feeds 

 on apple, cherry, thorn, and basswood. The egg is laid on the upper side of the 

 leaf, and the young larva takes up its abode on the same side, lying on a bed of 



