PAPILIO XII., XIII. 



At about four days before suspension, the color begins to change, at first a soiled 

 surface showing on dorsum ; this deejjens and spreads during two days, and 

 finally the body becomes chocolate-brown, specked over dorsum with darker, and 

 on sides witli lighter brown ; all the purple dots now appear distinctly. (Pig. k.) 

 From fourth moidt to suspension about ten days, to jjupation eleven days ; from 

 hatching of egg to jjupation about thirty -six days; from laying of egg forty- 

 six. 



Chrysalis. — Length of several, 1.-38, 1.44, 1.45, 1.56, 1.60 inch, the larger 

 being female ; greatest bi'eadth .4 to .42 inch ; cylindrical, the abdomen tapering ; 

 head case long, compressed transversely on both sides to an edge ; the ocellar pro- 

 jections prominent, divergent, jDyramidal, the edges raised into thin ridges on 

 dorsal side, the tops rounded, the incision between the two a right angle, with a 

 small tooth on either side near the angle ; the mesonotum prominent, directed 

 forwards, blunt and rough at tip, with a ridge passing down either edge ; on back 

 of abdomen two rows of rounded corrugated tubercles from segments 5 to 13, 

 those on 8 to 10 large, on 11a little less, the others small ; the larger tubercles 

 are green-topped for some days after pupation, but change to black ; the others 

 are yellow-brown ; on 6 to 11 is a second row of small green-topped tubercles 

 high on one side, and four same color and small in row across dorsum ot 4 and 5; 

 whole surface corrugated, the anterior part roughly, the ventral side finely ; 

 color of ventral side throughout either one shade of gray-brown, or the abdomen 

 is lighter; or shades of wood-l)rown ; of dorsal side brown or yellow-brown, often 

 with a dull ochre tint on the middle segments ; along tlie side from top of head 

 case to 13, with a branch along mesonotum, is a broad band of Ijrown, or some- 

 times of black ; just after pupation the club-shaped larval spots of fourth seg- 

 ment appear in nearly same shape in the chrysalis (Fig. m), yellow, each enclosing 

 two tubercles; the color fades from the.se spots after a few days. Duration of 

 this stage seventeen to twenty days. (Figs. I, m.) 



Rutuhis belongs to a small and well-defined sub-group, which comprises Eu- 

 rymedon, Daunus, Pilumnus, and Turnus. The last named species occupies the 

 continent east of the Rocky Mountains; Eiirnmedon and Ruhdus the Pacific 

 slope, and more or less of the mountain region to the eastern base ; Daunus 

 follows the Rocky Mountains pretty closely, and finds its metropolis in Mexico ; 

 and Pilumnus is a Mexican species, which on rare occasions has been seen in 

 Arizona. The peculiarities of four of these species are shown on the plates of 

 this Volume. Ruhdus and Eurymedon lie between Turnus and Daunus, and the 

 latter leads up to P'dunmus. All have the wings striped after the same pattern, 

 ])ut with variations, which are most marked in Pilumnus, the strijjes in that 

 species being reduced from five to four and considerably modified. Daunus has 



