COLIAS IV. 



In thu lowhmds of" California, the species is apparently also tour-brooded, and 

 we are assured that hybernated examples of the two sunnner forms are seen fly- 

 ing in early spring. These may be supposed to be belated individuals of the last 

 brood of the summer, for those of the same brood which earliest emerge must 

 have laid their eggs, and the larva) must have gone on to maturity, just as in 

 Texas, producing Ariadne. And the number of these lu'bernating butterflies 

 must be too few to neutralize the influence of Ariadne in the succeeding; brood, 

 which Mr. Edwards tells us is made up of Kecicaydin. That this last named 

 form appears in all subsequent broods, and Ariadne to some degree, may be 

 attributed to the configuration of the country, compelling the hill races to inter- 

 mingle with those of the valleys. In the lowlands there is evidently a strong 

 tendency to seasonal polymorphism, but in the later lu'oods of the year this is 

 somewhere neutralized or interfered with. 



Keewaydin is the form which has frequently been assumed to be identical with 

 Ckrysotheme, and of which Dr. BoLsduval, in the '■ Icones," says:- '-It is found in 

 May in districts of temperate America. Individuals from this part of the world 

 are as large as Udusa." In the Lopid. de I'Ain. Sept., Dr. Boisduval says of 

 Ckrysotheme that it is found in the neighborhood of New York. Prof. P. C. 

 Zeller, Ent. Zeit., 1874, p. 430, in a x'eview of my A'ol. I., says : " Certainly 

 some of the species designated may be reduced to well-known European ones. 

 Thus I can assert Kecicaydin to be nothing but our Ckrysotheme, of which I my- 

 self have taken a male at Vienna, with so little orange on the inner half of the 

 wing borders that a North American could scarcely distinguish it among a number 

 of Keewaydin. If Keewaydin and (Jhrysotkeine are really the same species, we 

 may well say that species vary much more in North America than in Europe. 

 EurytJieme $ is sometimes no larger than our Myrmidone, to which it is besides 

 very similar, though they cannot belong to the same species, as the latter pos- 

 sesses a glandular spot, which Eury theme does not." I conclude from this that 

 Professor Zeller accepted Eiirytkeme as a good species, but believed Keewaydin to 

 be the same as Ckrysotkeme, and was surprised at the degree of variation mani- 

 fested by it. I express no opinion on the present identity of the two species 

 through the form Keewaydin, )jut if the latter was the primitive form on this 

 continent, it may have peopled the old woi"ld before it became polymorphic in 

 this, and the present representatives on both continents have come fi'om one 

 stock. As to whether they are distinct species now, much light would be gained 

 if the life history of the European Ckrysotheme was followed out by lepidopter- 

 ists in its territory. I have exerted myself in vain to obtain eggs, or larva?, or 

 drawings of its several larval stages, and I am not aware that either drawing, or 

 proper description of these stages exists. 



