PHYCIODES I., II. 



with first laterals, and a band below spiracles, above which is another band less 

 distinct, whitish and macular ; the spines brown, light tipped, many with yellow 

 or orange bases, the bristles black ; head cordate, bronze ; a straight, silvery 

 l)ar across each vertex, a triangular white spot in front connected with a curved 

 white line at the side. To next moult three to five days. 



After fourth and last moult : length .80 inch. 



Mature Larva in summer. Length .95 inch ; color dark brown, dotted with 

 yellow and striped with yellow and black, the yellow always dull ; armed with 

 seven rows of spines, one dorsal and three on either side, besides smaller and simi- 

 lar spines at base of body, one on each segment from the third, and over the 

 pro-legs two on each ; the spines stout, tapering, dark brown, partly white-tipped, 

 those of the upper and lower lateral rows more or less orange-tinted at base, 

 each beset with many straight, black bristles ; next below first laterals a blackish 

 stripe edged on the dorsal side by yellow, and in line with the lower laterals a 

 yellow ridge ; head cordate, either black or bronze, shining ; on each vertex a 

 cordate yellow spot, and on each side a sickle-shaped stripe. (Fig. /, nat. size ; 

 f^, head magnified;/^, section of side.) Duration of this stage four to six days. 



Chrysalis. — Length .50 to .55 inch ; cylindi-ical, thickest at ninth and tenth 

 segments ; head case narrow, excavated at the sides, nearly square at top, there 

 Ijeing a slight depression in middle ; the mesonotum modei'ately prominent, com- 

 pressed at summit, followed by a deep excavation ; the anterior edges of the last 

 four segments of the abdomen prominent, especially that of the foremost, which 

 is develoj^ed into a conspicuous ridge ; on the abdomen several rows of fine tu- 

 bercles, two of which are prolonged and terminate on the mesonotum ; the color 

 varies much, being light cinereous throughout, covered with fine abbreviated 

 brown streaks ; or cinereous on dorsum, the abdomen and wing cases tinted with 

 yellow-brown ; or dull white mottled on dorsum with brown and clouded wdth 

 same color elsewhere ; or wholly dark brown, specked with gray ; often- a row 

 of light dots is seen at tlie ends of the nervules of the wings, and a similar row 

 parallel, a short distance within. Many chrysalids of the summer broods are 

 marked by black patches on abdomen and wing cases, the ground being brown, 

 but in the spring the usual color is cinereous. (Fig. g.) Duration of this stage 

 from six to thirteen days, unless retarded by cold. The earliest formed chrys- 

 alids of the hybernating larva? gave imago 15th May, after thirteen days ; later 

 in the month, after eleven; chrysalids of July, in West Virginia, after seven 

 days ; of August, six ; in Catskill Mountains, 1st September, after twelve, and in 

 same district, chrysalids formed middle of September gave imago at twenty-nine 

 or thirty days. 



Tharos is one of our most widely distributed butterflies, ranging from 54°, in 



